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托马斯·马尔萨斯:人口论·摘录 34

托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资

It very rarely happens that the nominal price of labour universally falls, but we well know that it frequently remains the same, while the nominal price of provisions has been gradually increasing. This is, in effect, a real fall in the price of labour, and during this period the condition of the lower orders of the community must gradually grow worse and worse. But the farmers and capitalists are growing rich from the real cheapness of labour. Their increased capitals enable them to employ a greater number of men. Work therefore may be plentiful, and the price of labour would consequently rise. But the want of freedom in the market of labour, which occurs more or less in all communities, either from parish laws, or the more general cause of the facility of combination among the rich, and its difficulty among the poor, operates to prevent the price of labour from rising at the natural period, and keeps it down some time longer; perhaps till a year of scarcity, when the clamour is too loud and the necessity too apparent to be resisted.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位:Excerpt 34 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

劳动的名义价格很少全面下降,但常常是工资不变,食品价格却慢慢上涨,这等于实际工资下降,底层生活越来越差。与此同时,农场主和资本家因为劳动力实际变便宜而变富,资本增加后能雇更多人,工作机会多了,工资本该上涨。但劳动力市场不自由:教区法令限制、富人容易联合、穷人难以联合,这些因素压住工资,让它不能按时上涨,甚至拖到荒年,民怨太大、压力太明显,才不得不涨。马尔萨斯想说明:工资上涨往往被拖延,不是自然规律,而是制度性障碍。

上下文

马尔萨斯《人口论》第一版,分析劳动市场中的制度性障碍如何压低工资,涉及教区法令和劳资联合能力的不平等。

今日一问

你所在行业里,有哪些“不自由”的规则在压低你的议价能力?你能做什么来改变?

公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

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