人口论·摘录 77 · 托马斯·马尔萨斯

Is it not probable that in this case the number of inhabitants had increased faster than the food and the accommodations necessary to preserve them in health? The mass of the people would, upon this supposition, be obliged to live harder, and a greater number would be crowded together in one house, and it is not surely improbable that these were among the natural causes that produced the three sickly years. These causes may produce such an effect, though the country, absolutely considered, may not be extremely crowded and populous. In a country even thinly inhabited, if an increase of population take place, before more food is raised, and more houses are built, the inhabitants must be distressed in some degree for room and subsistence. Were the marriages in England, for the next eight or ten years, to be more prolifick than usual, or even were a greater number of marriages than usual to take place, supposing the number of houses to remain the same, instead of five or six to a cottage, there must be seven or eight, and this, added to the necessity of harder living, would probably have a very unfavourable effect on the health of the common people.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位：Excerpt 77 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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马尔萨斯推测：那三年疾病流行，很可能是因为人口增长快过了食物和住房的供应。人们被迫吃得更差，更多人挤在一间屋里，这些自然原因导致了疾病。他强调，即使一个国家绝对来看并不拥挤，只要人口增加而食物和住房没跟上，居民就会感到空间和生计的压力。他还举例：如果英国未来八到十年婚姻更多或生育更旺，而房子数量不变，一间小屋从住五六人变成七八人，加上吃得更差，就会严重损害普通人的健康。

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马尔萨斯在《人口论》中分析人口增长快于食物住房时如何引发疾病。

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你所在的地方，住房和食物供应跟得上人口变化的速度吗？

公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 龚廷贤《寿世保元》

本方加倍参、。加麦冬、五味、黄连各五分。如左关脉浮弦而自汗者。挟风邪也。本方桂枝、芍藥。若不阴虚。只用桂枝可也。左尺脉浮洪无力而有汗者。水亏火盛也。本方加黄柏、知母各五分。熟地一錢。壮水之主。以制阳光。右关脉浮洪无力而自汗者。只根据本方倍参、。右尺脉洪数无力而自汗者。或盗汗。相火挟心火之势而上伐肺金也。宜当归六黄湯。一論自汗盗汗。乃阴阳两虚。或睡或醒时而出也。益气湯去升麻。加茯苓、酒芍、酸枣炒、牡蛎各一錢。黄柏蜜炒。知母蜜炒…

若左寸脉浮洪而自汗，是心火炎上，用益气汤加倍人参、黄芪，加麦冬、五味子、黄连各五分。左关脉浮弦自汗，挟风邪，用桂枝、芍药；若不阴虚，单用桂枝即可。左尺脉浮洪无力有汗，是水亏火盛，加黄柏、知母各五分、熟地一钱，壮水制火。右关脉浮洪无力自汗，只倍人参、黄芪。右尺脉洪数无力自汗或盗汗，是相火挟心火伐肺金，宜当归六黄汤。自汗盗汗属阴阳两虚，睡醒时出，用益气汤去升麻，加茯苓、酒芍、炒酸枣仁、牡蛎各一钱，蜜炒黄柏、蜜炒知母、乌梅一个、枣一枚、浮小麦一撮，水煎服。一人四季出汗怕风，夏天也要穿棉衣，冬天气喘、小便淋浊，服八物汤无效，补中益气汤稍好，后用荆芥、防风、桂枝、薄荷、甘草、羌活一剂而愈。

事业 · 司馬光《资治通鉴》

吐蕃寇靈武。庚辰，鹽州奏党項都督拔跋萬誠請降。

吐蕃入侵灵武，同时盐州上奏说，党项都督拔跋万诚请求归降。两条消息并列，反映唐朝边疆两面受敌又有机可乘的局势：吐蕃是强敌，正面来犯；党项是夹在唐与吐蕃之间的部族，其首领请降，对唐来说是分化瓦解的机会。朝廷如何接应降众、又不激怒吐蕃，需要权衡。司马光把这两件事排在一起，也暗示边患与招抚往往同时发生。

事业 · 爱德华·博克《爱德华·博克自传》

The publishing house had been advertising in the Philadelphia magazine, so that the visit of Mr. Curtis was not an occasion for surprise. Mr. Curtis told Bok he had read his literary letter in the Philadelphia Times,…

出版社一直在费城杂志上登广告，所以柯蒂斯先生的来访并不令人意外。柯蒂斯先生告诉博克，他读过博克在《费城时报》上的文学通讯，建议他或许可以为《妇女家庭杂志》写一个类似的专栏。博克觉得没有理由不写，便答应了，并承诺寄一份试写稿过去。这位费城出版商然后巧妙地把话题引向自己杂志的编辑情况，并且顾及场合的规矩——在博克已有职位时没有直接挖他——而是问他是否知道有谁适合这个职位。

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