投资 · 西方古典
托马斯·马尔萨斯:人口论·摘录 93
托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资
From the improvement of medicine, from the use of more wholesome food and habitations, from a manner of living which will improve the strength of the body by exercise without impairing it by excess, from the destruction of the two great causes of the degradation of man, misery, and too great riches, from the gradual removal of transmissible and contagious disorders by the improvement of physical knowledge, rendered more efficacious by the progress of reason and of social order, he infers that though man will not absolutely become immortal, yet that the duration between his birth and natural death will increase without ceasing, will have no assignable term, and may properly be expressed by the word 'indefinite'. He then defines this word to mean either a constant approach to an unlimited extent, without ever reaching it, or an increase. In the immensity of ages to an extent greater than any assignable quantity.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位:Excerpt 93 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
孔多塞从医学进步、更卫生的食物和住所、适度锻炼的生活方式、消除苦难和过度富裕两大堕落原因、以及物理知识进步逐步消除传染病等方面推断:人虽不会绝对不朽,但出生到自然死亡之间的寿命会不断增加,没有可指定的终点,可用“无限”一词表达。他定义“无限”为要么不断接近无限而不达到,要么在漫长岁月中增加到超过任何可指定量。
上下文
孔多塞乐观预测人类寿命将因医学和社会进步而无限延长,马尔萨斯在《人口论》中引述并反驳。
今日一问
我们是否也常把“不断接近”误认为“可以达到无限”?
公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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