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弗雷德里克·巴斯夏:经济诡辩·摘录 201

弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资

Let us suppose a people shut out from external relations. A man, we shall suppose, produces wheat. He sends it to the _home_ market, and offers it for the highest price he can obtain. He receives in exchange--what? Coins, which are just so many drafts or orders, varying very much in amount, by means of which he can draw, in his turn, from the national stores, when he judges it proper, and subject to due competition, everything which he may want or desire. Ultimately, and at the end of the operation, he will have drawn from the mass the exact equivalent of what he has contributed to it, and, in value, _his consumption will exactly equal his production_.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位:Excerpt 201 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

假设一个与外界隔绝的民族。一个人生产小麦,他把小麦送到国内市场,尽可能卖高价。他换回什么?硬币,这些硬币就像一张张汇票或订单,金额不等,他可以用它们在需要时、在适当竞争下,从国家储备中提取任何想要的东西。最终,他取出的正好等于他贡献的,在价值上,他的消费恰好等于他的生产。巴斯夏说明,即使没有对外贸易,国内交换也能让每个人按贡献获得回报。货币只是媒介,不是财富本身。这提醒我们,贸易保护并不能创造财富,只会限制选择。可执行的是:关注实际生产与交换,而不是迷信货币或封闭。

上下文

巴斯夏在《经济诡辩》中用封闭经济的例子说明交换的本质,反驳保护主义对货币和贸易的误解。

今日一问

我是否把金钱本身当成了财富,而忽略了它背后真正的生产和交换?

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