经济诡辩·摘录 82 · 弗雷德里克·巴斯夏

At length the invention comes to be known. Guttemberg is no longer the only printer; others imitate him. Their profits' at first are large. They are thus rewarded for having been the first to imitate the invention; and it is right that it should be so, for this higher remuneration was necessary to induce them to concur in the grand definite result which is approaching. They gain a great deal, but they gain less than the inventor, for _competition_ now begins its work. The price of books goes on falling. The profit of imitators goes on diminishing in proportion as the invention becomes of older date; that is to say, in proportion as the imitation becomes less meritorious.....

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位：Excerpt 82 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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后来发明广为人知，古腾堡不再是唯一印刷商，别人开始模仿。模仿者起初利润很高，这是对他们率先跟进创新的回报，也合理，因为高回报才能吸引人参与，推动发明走向普及。但他们赚得比发明者少，因为竞争开始了。书价不断下降，模仿者利润随发明变旧而减少，也就是随模仿变得不那么有功而减少。

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巴斯夏继续讲印刷术扩散：模仿者涌入，竞争压低价格和利润。

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当模仿者涌入时，你靠什么保持自己的优势？

公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 龚廷贤《寿世保元》

纸包捶油在纸上。将麝少许。入纸卷作筒。油浸透。烧烟吹灭熏鼻。一治中风不语。或倒地不省人事。及左瘫右痪。口眼斜。须以诸藥末服之。先用真麝香三分爲细末。加麻油三两搅匀。将病患口撬開灌下。通其关窍。即便苏醒。一論卒中。不问中风、中寒、中暑、中湿。及痰饮、气厥之类。不省人事。初作。用此方。 \x摄生饮\x 南星（湿纸包一錢五分）半夏（生姜汁泡一錢五分）木香（一錢五分）苍术（生一錢）辽细辛（一錢）石菖蒲（一錢）甘草（生一錢）上锉一…

这段讲中风不语、倒地不省人事的急救。先用麝香加麻油灌下通窍苏醒。对于卒中不论中风、寒、暑、湿、痰饮、气厥，初起不省人事，用摄生饮（南星、半夏、木香、苍术、细辛、石菖蒲、甘草）加生姜煎服；痰盛加全蝎，并先用通关散吹鼻。还有中风痰涎壅盛、不能言语、牙关紧急、面赤身热、手足温暖、脉紧盛的，属有火有痰有气，宜用清热导痰汤。

事业 · 尼可罗·马基雅维利《君主论》

But let us return whence we started. I say that the duke, finding himself now sufficiently powerful and partly secured from immediate dangers by having armed himself in his own way, and having in a great measure crushed…

博尔贾公爵势力够强、又用自己的军队武装起来，把附近能威胁他的势力基本扫平后，下一步就得考虑法国了。他知道法王已经察觉自己养虎为患，不会再支持他。于是他开始找新盟友，并趁法国远征那不勒斯、攻打围困加埃塔的西班牙人之机，跟法国虚与委蛇，目的是先稳住自己。这些安排本来很快就能见效，可惜父亲亚历山大六世一死，全盘落空。核心是：扩张时要提前算好下一个威胁，并留好后手。

事业 · 奥里森·斯威特·马登《向前进》

Daniel Defoe had been a trader, a soldier, a merchant, a secretary, a factory manager, a commissioner's accountant, an envoy, and an author of several indifferent books, before he wrote his masterpiece, "Robinson Crusoe…

笛福在写出《鲁滨逊漂流记》之前，当过商人、士兵、贸易商、秘书、工厂经理、专员账目员、特使，还写过好几本平平无奇的书。这些经历单看都不算成功，可正是它们攒下了航海、贸易、流落荒岛和市井生活的全部细节，最后才成就那部杰作。这提醒我们：别急着把“走弯路”当成失败。只要每段经历都留下可用的素材和技能，它们会在某个时刻突然串起来，变成别人拿不走的本钱。

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