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托斯丹·凡勃伦:有闲阶级论·摘录 131

托斯丹·凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》· The Theory of the Leisure Class · 投资

As seen from the point of view of the later economic exigencies, devoutness is, perhaps in all cases, to be looked upon as a survival from an earlier phase of associated life--a mark of arrested spiritual development. Of course it remains true that in a community where the economic structure is still substantially a system of status; where the attitude of the average of persons in the community is consequently shaped by and adapted to the relation of personal dominance and personal subservience; or where for any other reason--of tradition or of inherited aptitude--the population as a whole is strongly inclined to devout observances; there a devout habit of mind in any individual, not in excess of the average of the community, must be taken simply as a detail of the prevalent habit of life. In this light, a devout individual in a devout community can not be called a case of reversion, since he is abreast of the average of the community. But as seen from the point of view of the modern industrial situation, exceptional devoutness--devotional zeal that rises appreciably above the average pitch of devoutness in the community--may safely be set down as in all cases an atavistic trait.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位:Excerpt 131 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

凡勃伦认为,从现代经济角度看,虔诚通常是早期社会阶段的遗留,是精神发展停滞的标志。但在经济结构仍是身份制的社区,人们习惯支配与服从,虔诚是普遍生活方式,个人虔诚不算倒退。然而,在现代工业社会,如果一个人的虔诚明显高于社区平均水平,就可视为返祖特征。今天可以这样理解:不是要否定信仰,而是提醒自己,别让过时的等级心态伪装成虔诚,影响对现代生活的适应。

上下文

凡勃伦从经济制度演变角度分析宗教虔诚,区分身份制社会与现代工业社会。

今日一问

你身上有没有某种“高于平均”的执着,其实是旧环境的习惯,已不适合现在?

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