投资 · 西方古典
托斯丹·凡勃伦：有闲阶级论·摘录 14
托斯丹·凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》· The Theory of the Leisure Class · 投资
The substantial difference between the peaceable and the predatory phase of culture, therefore, is a spiritual difference, not a mechanical one. The change in spiritual attitude is the outgrowth of a change in the material facts of the life of the group, and it comes on gradually as the material circumstances favourable to a predatory attitude supervene. The inferior limit of the predatory culture is an industrial limit. Predation can not become the habitual, conventional resource of any group or any class until industrial methods have been developed to such a degree of efficiency as to leave a margin worth fighting for, above the subsistence of those engaged in getting a living. The transition from peace to predation therefore depends on the growth of technical knowledge and the use of tools. A predatory culture is similarly impracticable in early times, until weapons have been developed to such a point as to make man a formidable animal. The early development of tools and of weapons is of course the same fact seen from two different points of view.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位：Excerpt 14 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
和平文化与掠夺文化的实质区别是精神上的，不是机械的。精神态度的变化源于群体物质生活条件的变化，是逐渐发生的。掠夺文化有一个工业下限：只有当工业方法发展到能产出超出生存所需的剩余，值得为之一战，掠夺才能成为习惯。从和平到掠夺的转变取决于技术知识和工具使用的进步。同样，早期武器不发达，人也无法成为可怕的动物。工具和武器的早期发展其实是同一事实的两个方面。
上下文
凡勃伦分析掠夺文化产生的物质前提，认为技术进步带来剩余，才使掠夺成为可能。
今日一问
你所在的环境里，是否存在“值得争抢的剩余”，它如何影响了人们的行为方式？
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