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托斯丹·凡勃伦:有闲阶级论·摘录 163

托斯丹·凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》· The Theory of the Leisure Class · 投资

Elegant diction, whether in writing or speaking, is an effective means of reputability. It is of moment to know with some precision what is the degree of archaism conventionally required in speaking on any given topic. Usage differs appreciably from the pulpit to the market-place; the latter, as might be expected, admits the use of relatively new and effective words and turns of expression, even by fastidious persons. A discriminative avoidance of neologisms is honorific, not only because it argues that time has been wasted in acquiring the obsolescent habit of speech, but also as showing that the speaker has from infancy habitually associated with persons who have been familiar with the obsolescent idiom. It thereby goes to show his leisure-class antecedents. Great purity of speech is presumptive evidence of several lives spent in other than vulgarly useful occupations; although its evidence is by no means entirely conclusive to this point.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位:Excerpt 163 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

文雅措辞是博取名声的有效手段。关键在于知道不同场合该用多少古语:讲坛和市集的标准不同,市集允许用较新、有力的词,哪怕讲究的人也不避讳。刻意避开新词反而显得有身份,因为这既说明你花时间学了过时的说话习惯,也表明你从小就和熟悉这套旧语的人在一起,从而暗示你出身有闲阶级。言语纯正被当作证据,说明你几辈子都没干过粗活;不过证据并不完全可靠。

上下文

凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》讨论语言如何成为身份标志,属于19世纪末美国社会批判。

今日一问

今天你说话用词,是在传递信息,还是在展示自己属于哪类人?

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