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托斯丹·凡勃伦:有闲阶级论·摘录 23

托斯丹·凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》· The Theory of the Leisure Class · 投资

But as soon as the custom of individual ownership begins to gain consistency, the point of view taken in making the invidious comparison on which private property rests will begin to change. Indeed, the one change is but the reflex of the other. The initial phase of ownership, the phase of acquisition by naive seizure and conversion, begins to pass into the subsequent stage of an incipient organization of industry on the basis of private property (in slaves); the horde develops into a more or less self-sufficing industrial community; possessions then come to be valued not so much as evidence of successful foray, but rather as evidence of the prepotence of the possessor of these goods over other individuals within the community. The invidious comparison now becomes primarily a comparison of the owner with the other members of the group. Property is still of the nature of trophy, but, with the cultural advance, it becomes more and more a trophy of successes scored in the game of ownership carried on between the members of the group under the quasi-peaceable methods of nomadic life.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位:Excerpt 23 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

但一旦个人所有权的习俗开始变得连贯,私有财产所依赖的贬低性比较的视角就会开始改变。实际上,一个变化只是另一个变化的反映。所有权的最初阶段——通过赤裸裸的夺取和占为己有来获取——开始过渡到下一个阶段:以私有财产(奴隶)为基础的工业初步组织;游群发展成多少自给自足的工业共同体;这时,占有物不再那么被看作成功劫掠的证据,而更多被看作占有者在本群体内优于其他人的证据。贬低性比较现在主要变成所有者与群体其他成员的比较。财产仍然具有战利品的性质,但随着文化进步,它越来越成为群体成员之间在准和平的游牧生活方法下进行的所有权游戏中成功的战利品。

上下文

凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》描述财产从掠夺战利品向群体内部身份标志的转变。

今日一问

你所在圈子的“成功标志”,是来自对外竞争,还是对内比较?

公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

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