自助论·摘录 161 · 塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯

Richard Foley, having ascertained this much, determined to make himself master of the new process. He suddenly disappeared from the neighbourhood of Stourbridge, and was not heard of for several years. No one knew whither he had gone, not even his own family; for he had not informed them of his intention, lest he should fail. He had little or no money in his pocket, but contrived to get to Hull, where he engaged himself on board a ship bound for a Swedish port, and worked his passage there. The only article of property which he possessed was his fiddle, and on landing in Sweden he begged and fiddled his way to the Dannemora mines, near Upsala. He was a capital musician, as well as a pleasant fellow, and soon ingratiated himself with the iron-workers. He was received into the works, to every part of which he had access; and he seized the opportunity thus afforded him of storing his mind with observations, and mastering, as he thought, the mechanism of iron splitting. After a continued stay for this purpose, he suddenly disappeared from amongst his kind friends the miners—no one knew whither.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/935
定位：Excerpt 161 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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理查德·福利弄明白差距后，下决心把新工艺学到手。他突然从斯托布里奇消失，好几年没有音信，连家里人都不知道他去了哪儿——他怕失败，事先没敢说。他身上没几个钱，想办法到了赫尔，搭上开往瑞典的船，一路做工抵船费。他全部家当就是一把小提琴，到了瑞典，他靠拉琴卖艺、沿途乞讨，走到乌普萨拉附近的达内莫拉铁矿。他琴拉得好，人又讨喜，很快跟铁匠们混熟，被收进工场，各处都能去，他就趁机把铁条切割的机械看个仔细。目的达到后，他又突然从矿工朋友中消失了。这故事讲的是：真要学本事，得肯放下脸面、吃得了苦，还得有接近内行的办法。

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斯迈尔斯《自助》中理查德·福利为学瑞典铁条切割工艺而远走他乡的故事，17世纪。

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公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 巢元方《诸病源候论》

又云∶风起之由，皆是冷热交通，流于五脏，彻入骨中。虚风因湿，和合虫生，便即作患。论其所犯，多因用力过度，饮食相违，行房太过，毛孔既开，冷热风入五脏，积于寒热，寒热之风，交过通彻，流行诸脉，急者即患，缓者稍远。所食秽杂肉，虫生日久，冷热至甚暴，虫遂多，食人五脏骨髓，及于皮肉筋节，久久皆令坏散，名曰癞风。若其欲治，先与雷丸等散，服之出虫。见其虫形，青赤黑黄白等诸色之虫，与药治者，无有不瘥。

风邪产生，是冷热交替侵入五脏，深入骨中。虚风加湿，合而生虫，便成病。得病多因用力过度、饮食不当、房事过度，毛孔张开，冷热风入五脏，积成寒热，寒热之风在经脉流行，急的马上发病，缓的稍晚。吃脏杂肉，虫日久生成，冷热极暴，虫增多，吃人五脏骨髓、皮肉筋节，久了都坏散，叫癞风。要治，先给雷丸等散药，服后排出虫。看到虫形，青赤黑黄白各色，用药治没有不愈的。

投资 · 陈梦雷等（编）《钦定古今图书集成·食货典》

洪武初年，甫脫戰爭，人民凋殘。戶一千六十五萬有奇，口六千五十四萬有奇。弘治四年，承平久矣，戶口宜蕃且息矣。乃戶僅九百一十一萬，視初年減一百五十四萬，口僅五千三百三十八萬」，視初年減七百一十六萬，此其故何也？宜司國計者知所以處之矣。周忱《戶口論》曰：「或投倚於勢豪之門，而自幼至長，無復糧差；或招誘於僧道之途，而化緣財物，遍遊四方。冒名為匠，則在南京者，應天府不知其名，在北京者，順天府亦無其籍。挈家於舟，則四水土洋莫知蹤跡，冒隱買賣，陶然…

古人把人口多少看作国家贫富的标志，所以户口数字要郑重呈报，君王拜受，表示重民。明太祖登记天下户口，置户帖，写明姓名、年龄、住址，编字为勘合，州县用印，分钤籍册，帖给百姓，令官府按时清查。每年郊祀，中书省把户籍陈于坛下，祭天毕收藏。洪武十四年诏编黄册，以一百一十户为一里，推丁粮多的十户为长，余百户为十甲，甲十人。每年役里长一人、甲首一人，管一里一甲之事，按丁多寡定先后，十年一轮，叫排年。城曰坊，近城曰厢，乡曰里。

事业 · 司馬光《资治通鉴》

1 始皇之碣石，使燕人盧生求羨門，刻碣石門。壞城郭，決通堤坊。始皇巡北邊，從上郡入。盧生使入海還，因奏《錄圖書》曰：「亡秦者胡也。」始皇乃遣將軍蒙恬發兵三十萬人，北伐匈奴。

秦始皇到碣石，派燕人卢生求仙，刻碣石门。拆除城郭，疏通堤防。巡北边从上郡入。卢生入海求仙回来，献《录图书》说“亡秦者胡也”。秦始皇于是派蒙恬率三十万大军北伐匈奴。核心是求仙与谶语引发北伐。秦始皇迷信长生，卢生利用谶语，使他误以为“胡”指匈奴，于是发动战争。这显示决策受方术影响。可执行的做法：决策要基于事实，勿轻信预言。

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