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保罗·格雷厄姆:黑天鹅式投资·第1则

保罗·格雷厄姆《《黑天鹅式投资》》· Black Swan Farming · 领导 · 财富 · 投资 · 认知

I've done several types of work over the years but I don't know another as counterintuitive as startup investing. The two most important things to understand about startup investing, as a business, are (1) that effectively all the returns are concentrated in a few big winners, and (2) that the best ideas look initially like bad ideas. The first rule I knew intellectually, but didn't really grasp till it happened to us. The total value of the companies we've funded is around 10 billion, give or take a few. But just two companies, Dropbox and Airbnb, account for about three quarters of it. In startups, the big winners are big to a degree that violates our expectations about variation.

出处: https://paulgraham.com/swan.html
定位:Essay, additional excerpt 1 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

创业投资最反直觉的两件事:一是几乎所有回报都集中在极少数大赢家身上;二是最好的点子最初看起来像坏点子。我理智上知道第一条,但直到亲身经历才真正明白。我们投资的公司总价值约 100 亿美元,但仅 Dropbox 和 Airbnb 两家就占了约四分之三。在创业中,大赢家的“大”程度远超我们对变异的预期。这意味着,作为投资者,不能平均用力,而要接受大多数项目可能颗粒无收,把精力放在识别那些可能成为黑天鹅的极少数。

上下文

保罗·格雷厄姆在《黑天鹅养殖》中,用 YC 的投资数据说明创业回报的极端集中性。

今日一问

你所在的领域,回报是否也高度集中在少数赢家?你的策略是否适应这种分布?

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