希腊罗马名人传·摘录 38 · 普鲁塔克

It looked strange, that a law, which had been carried so far against so many people, should be canceled again by the same man that made it; yet the present calamity and distress which Pericles labored under in his family broke through all objections, and prevailed with the Athenians to pity him, as one whose losses and misfortunes had sufficiently punished his former arrogance and haughtiness. His sufferings deserved, they thought, their pity, and even indignation, and his request was such as became a man to ask and men to grant; they gave him permission to enroll his son in the register of his fraternity, giving him his own name. This son afterward, after having defeated the Peloponnesians at Arginusae, was, with his fellow-generals, put to death by the people.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/674
定位：Excerpt 38 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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看起来奇怪：一项如此严厉对付许多人的法律，竟由制定者本人取消；但伯里克利当时家庭遭受的灾难和痛苦打破了一切反对，使雅典人同情他，认为他的损失和不幸已充分惩罚了他先前的傲慢。他们觉得他的苦难值得怜悯甚至愤慨，而他的请求也合乎一个男人该求、人们该准的尺度；他们允许他把儿子登记进自己的兄弟会名册，并随他的名。这个儿子后来在阿吉纽西击败伯罗奔尼撒人，却与同僚将军一起被民众处死。

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普鲁塔克《伯里克利传》中记述伯里克利晚年因私生子问题请求破例的段落，反映雅典法律与人情冲突。

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当你或他人因不幸而改变立场时，你会视为合理的通融，还是原则的妥协？

公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 司馬光《资治通鉴》

秋，八月，壬申，賜幽州總管燕榮死。榮性嚴酷，鞭撻左右，動至千數。嘗見道次叢荊，以為堪作杖，命取之，輒以試人。人或自陳無罪，榮曰：「後有罪，當免汝。」既而有犯，將杖之，人曰：「前日被杖，使君許以有罪宥之。」榮曰：「無罪尚爾，況有罪邪！」杖之自若。

核心是：严酷不等于公正，滥用刑罚只会让人恐惧而不服。幽州总管燕荣性格严酷，鞭打身边的人动辄上千下。他曾见路边丛生的荆条，认为适合做杖，就命人取来，随即用来试打人。被打的人说自己无罪，燕荣说：以后你有罪，就免你。后来那人犯了错，将要被打，说：前些天被打，您答应有罪就宽恕我。燕荣说：无罪尚且打，何况有罪！照样打。这种随意加罪、言而无信的做法，最终让文帝赐他死。

投资 · 陈梦雷等（编）《钦定古今图书集成·食货典》

從之。咸淳三年。以司農卿李鏞言。詔諸路漕帥行經界法按《宋史度宗本紀》。不載按《食貨志》。三年司農卿兼戶部侍郎李鏞言。「夫經界嘗議修明矣。而修明卒不行。嘗令自實矣。而自實卒不竟。豈非上之任事者。每欲避理財之名。下之不樂其成者又每倡為擾民之說。故寧坐視邑政之壞。而不敢詰猾吏奸民之欺。寧忍取下戶之苛，而不敢受豪家大姓之怨。蓋《經界》之法，必多差官吏，必悉集都保，必遍走阡陌，必盡量步畝，必審定等色，必《紐折計》等，奸弊轉生，久不迄事。乃若推排…

核心是：经界法难行，推排法更简。咸淳三年李镛说，经界议过却修不成，自实令过也办不完。原因是上面怕担理财之名，下面不愿成事者又鼓吹扰民，于是宁可坐视邑政败坏，不敢查猾吏奸民，宁可苛取下户，不敢得罪豪家大姓。经界要差很多官吏、集都保、走田陌、量步亩、审等色、折算计等，弊病多、久不成。推排只需县统都、都统保，选公正能干的人订田亩税色，载入图册，使民有定产、产有定税、税有定籍。

事业 · 本杰明·富兰克林《本杰明·富兰克林自传》

Those who govern, having much business on their hands, do not generally like to take the trouble of considering and carrying into execution new projects. The best public measures are therefore seldom adopted from…

掌权的人手头事务繁多，通常不愿费心去考虑并执行新方案。因此，最好的公共措施很少是出于先见之明而被采纳的，而是被时势逼迫出来的。这提醒我们，推动改变时不要指望决策者主动创新，而要善于把问题变成紧迫的“ occasion ”（时机），让他们不得不行动。具体做法是：先积累事实和数据，等到危机或舆论压力出现时，再提出早已准备好的方案，这样更容易被接受。

本文本为公版；底本与原文链接见上。版权

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