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普鲁塔克:希腊罗马名人传·摘录 66

普鲁塔克《希腊罗马名人传》· Plutarch's Lives · 领导 · 财富 · 成长 · 历史

And now affairs going backwards, the associates in the war sent an embassy to Sparta, requiring Lysander to be their admiral, professing themselves ready to undertake the business much more zealously, if he was commander; and Cyrus, also, sent to request the same thing. But because they had a law which would not suffer any one to be admiral twice, and wished, nevertheless, to gratify their allies, they gave the title of admiral to one Aracus, and sent Lysander nominally as vice-admiral, but, indeed, with full powers. So he came out, long wished for by the greatest part of the chief persons and leaders in the towns, who hoped to grow to greater power still by his means, when the popular governments should be everywhere destroyed.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/674
定位:Excerpt 66 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

战事不利,盟邦派使者去斯巴达,要求让吕山德当海军统帅,说只要他指挥,他们会更卖力。居鲁士也提出同样请求。但斯巴达法律不许同一人两次任海军统帅,为了满足盟友,他们让阿拉库斯挂名统帅,派吕山德做副手,实际掌全权。吕山德一出马,各城邦的权贵和领袖都盼着他,希望借他之力摧毁民主政府、扩大自己的势力。核心是:制度限制可以被名义上的变通绕过,而权力一旦集中,就会吸引投机者。

上下文

普鲁塔克《吕山德传》。吕山德是斯巴达名将,在伯罗奔尼撒战争后期指挥舰队。

今日一问

你身边有没有“名义上合规、实际绕开规则”的安排?它带来了什么后果?

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