David Ricardo：On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, Excerpt 161

It is thus that the money of each country is apportioned to it in such quantities only as may be necessary to regulate a profitable trade of barter. England exported cloth in exchange for wine, because by so doing, her industry was rendered more productive to her; she had more cloth and wine than if she had manufactured both for herself; and Portugal imported cloth, and exported wine, because the industry of Portugal could be more beneficially employed for both countries in producing wine. Let there be more difficulty in England in producing cloth, or in Portugal in producing wine, or let there be more facility in England in producing wine, or in Portugal in producing cloth, and the trade must immediately cease.

Source： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
Locator：Excerpt 161 · Verified：2026-10-19 · Verification：Short excerpt

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