Frédéric Bastiat：Economic Sophisms, Excerpt 309

Another variety of spoliation by craft and artifice is to be found in what are called _commercial frauds_, an expression, as it appears to me, not sufficiently broad; for not only is the merchant who adulterates his commodities, or uses a false measure, guilty of fraud, but the physician who gets paid for bad advice, and the advocate who fans and encourages lawsuits. In an exchange between two services, one of them may be of bad quality; but here, the services received being stipulated for beforehand, spoliation must evidently recede before the advance of public enlightenment.

Source： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
Locator：Excerpt 309 · Verified：2026-10-19 · Verification：Short excerpt

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