Adam Smith：The Wealth of Nations, Book II, Chapter III, Paragraph 838

This expense, it may be said, indeed, not being in foreign goods, and not occasioning any exportation of gold and silver, the same quantity of money would remain in the country as before. But if the quantity of food and clothing which were thus consumed by unproductive, had been distributed among productive hands, they would have reproduced, together with a profit, the full value of their consumption. The same quantity of money would, in this case, equally have remained in the country, and there would, besides, have been a reproduction of an equal value of consumable goods. There would have been two values instead of one.

Source： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3300
Locator：Book II, Chapter III, paragraph 838 · Verified：2026-10-19 · Verification：Exact match

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