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大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 79
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
Let us suppose that all commodities are at their natural price, and consequently that the profits of capital in all employments are exactly at the same rate, or differ only so much as, in the estimation of the parties, is equivalent to any real or fancied advantage which they possess or forego. Suppose now, that a change of fashion should increase the demand for silks, and lessen that for woollens; their natural price, the quantity of labour necessary to their production, would continue unaltered, but the market price of silks would rise, and that of woollens would fall; and consequently the profits of the silk manufacturer would be above, whilst those of the woollen manufacturer would be below, the general and adjusted rate of profits. Not only the profits, but the wages of the workmen would be affected in these employments. This increased demand for silks would however soon be supplied, by the transference of capital and labour from the woollen to the silk manufacture; when the market prices of silks and woollens would again approach their natural prices, and then the usual profits would be obtained by the respective manufacturers of those commodities.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 79 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
假设所有商品都按自然价格出售，各行业的资本利润也完全一致。这时如果时尚变化让丝绸需求增加、毛呢需求减少，两种商品的自然价格（即生产所需的劳动量）不变，但丝绸的市场价格会涨，毛呢的市场价格会跌。于是丝绸制造商的利润会高于一般水平，毛呢制造商的利润会低于一般水平。不仅利润，工人的工资也会受影响。不过，这种需求变化很快会被资本和劳动从毛呢业转移到丝绸业所满足，市场价格的波动会促使资源重新配置，最终两种商品的市场价格又会接近自然价格，各自获得通常的利润。
上下文
李嘉图在《政治经济学及赋税原理》中讨论市场价格与自然价格的关系，用丝绸和毛呢的例子说明需求变化如何引起资源流动。
今日一问
当某个行业需求突然增加时，你观察到资本和劳动是如何流入的？这种流动又怎样让价格回落？
公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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