人口论·摘录 165 · 托马斯·马尔萨斯

The argument, perhaps, appears clearer when applied to China, because it is generally allowed that the wealth of China has been long stationary. With regard to any other country it might be always a matter of dispute at which of the two periods, compared, wealth was increasing the fastest, as it is upon the rapidity of the increase of wealth at any particular period that Dr Adam Smith says the condition of the poor depends. It is evident, however, that two nations might increase exactly with the same rapidity in the exchangeable value of the annual produce of their land and labour, yet if one had applied itself chiefly to agriculture, and the other chiefly to commerce, the funds for the maintenance of labour, and consequently the effect of the increase of wealth in each nation, would be extremely different. In that which had applied itself chiefly to agriculture, the poor would live in great plenty, and population would rapidly increase. In that which had applied itself chiefly to commerce, the poor would be comparatively but little benefited and consequently population would increase slowly.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位：Excerpt 165 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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马尔萨斯说，用中国举例更清楚，因为中国财富长期停滞。在其他国家，比较两个时期财富增长快慢常有争议，而亚当·斯密认为穷人状况取决于财富增长的速度。但两个国家财富年产品交换价值增速相同，若一个重农、一个重商，维持劳动的基金和效果会截然不同。重农国穷人富足、人口快增；重商国穷人受益少、人口慢增。

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马尔萨斯比较重农与重商对穷人及人口的不同影响，回应亚当·斯密。

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我们今天的发展模式，是更接近重农还是重商？对普通人的实际生活有何影响？

公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 吴瑭《温病条辨》

加濃朴、廣皮，取其行氣。合而言之，「辛甘為陽，辛苦能通」之義也。【附子理中湯去甘草加濃朴廣皮湯方】（辛甘兼苦法）生茅朮（三錢）人參（一錢五分）炮乾薑（一錢五分）濃朴（二錢）廣皮（一錢五分）生附子（一錢五分，炮黑）水五杯，煮取八分二杯，分二次服。五十、寒濕傷脾胃兩陽，寒熱，不飢，吞酸，形寒，或脘中痞悶，或酒客濕聚，苓薑朮桂湯主之。此兼運脾胃，宣通陽氣之輕劑也。【苓薑朮桂湯方】（苦辛溫法）茯苓塊（五錢）生薑（三錢）炒白朮（三錢）桂枝（三錢…

寒湿伤了脾胃的阳气，人会出现怕冷发热、不觉得饿、反酸、怕冷，或者胃脘部堵闷；常喝酒的人湿气聚集，也适用苓姜术桂汤。这个方子用茯苓、生姜、炒白术、桂枝，是温和地健脾祛湿、通阳的轻剂。如果湿邪更重，吐泻交作、发冷发热、身体疼痛，或者不发热但肚子痛，这叫霍乱；寒象明显、不想喝水的，用理中汤。核心是：脾胃阳气被寒湿困住，要温运脾胃、宣通阳气，而不是一味止吐止泻。做法上，轻证用苓姜术桂汤，重证用理中汤，根据寒湿轻重选方。

事业 · 佚名（旧题）《尚书》

厥篚檿絲。浮于汶，達于濟。海、岱及淮惟徐州：淮、沂其乂，蒙、羽其藝。大野既豬，東原厎平。厥土赤埴墳。草木漸包。厥田{惟}上中，{厥}賦中中。{厥}貢{惟}土五色，羽畎夏（華）翟，嶧陽孤桐，泗濱浮磬，淮夷蠙珠暨魚；厥篚玄纖縞。浮于淮、泗，達于河。淮、海惟揚州：彭蠡既豬，陽鳥攸居；三江既入，震澤厎定。篠簜既敷。{厥}草{惟}夭，{厥}木{惟}喬。厥土惟塗泥。厥田惟下下，厥賦下{上、}上錯。厥貢惟金三品，瑤、琨、篠簜，齒、革、羽、毛{惟木}…

竹器装山桑丝。乘船从汶水到济水。海、岱及淮之间是徐州：淮水、沂水治理，蒙山、羽山种植。大野泽蓄水，东原平定。土赤埴坟，草木渐包。田上中，赋中中。贡五色土，羽谷夏翟，峄阳孤桐，泗滨浮磬，淮夷蠙珠和鱼；竹器玄纤缟。乘船从淮水、泗水到黄河。淮、海之间是扬州：彭蠡蓄水，阳鸟居住；三江入海，震泽安定。竹箭遍布。草夭，树乔。土涂泥。田下下，赋下上上错。贡金三品，瑶、琨、竹箭，齿、革、羽、毛。岛夷草服。竹器织贝；包裹橘、柚，锡贡。沿江、海到淮、泗。荆及衡阳是荆州：江、汉朝宗于海，九江孔殷；沱水、潜水疏通，云梦泽治理。

事业 · 奥里森·斯威特·马登《向前进》

The very granite hills, the mountains, the valleys, the brooks, the miracle of the growing crops are every moment registering their mighty potencies in his constitution, putting iron into his blood and stamina into…

马登说，花岗岩山丘、群山、山谷、溪流、庄稼生长的奇迹，每时每刻都在把力量刻进乡下孩子的身体：往血液里加铁，往性格里加韧劲。这些积累会让他将来与城里孩子竞争时像个巨人。核心是：自然环境本身就在塑造人的体质和心性。今天多数人远离自然，但可以主动补上：多去户外、多动手、多接触真实世界，而不是整天困在屏幕和室内。身体和性格的底子，往往在不知不觉中拉开差距。

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