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托马斯·马尔萨斯:人口论·摘录 64

托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资

Secondly, premiums might be given for turning up fresh land, and it possible encouragements held out to agriculture above manufactures, and to tillage above grazing. Every endeavour should be used to weaken and destroy all those institutions relating to corporations, apprenticeships, etc., which cause the labours of agriculture to be worse paid than the labours of trade and manufactures. For a country can never produce its proper quantity of food while these distinctions remain in favour of artisans. Such encouragements to agriculture would tend to furnish the market with an increasing quantity of healthy work, and at the same time, by augmenting the produce of the country, would raise the comparative price of labour and ameliorate the condition of the labourer. Being now in better circumstances, and seeing no prospect of parish assistance, he would be more able, as well as more inclined, to enter into associations for providing against the sickness of himself or family.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位:Excerpt 64 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

其次,马尔萨斯建议对开垦新土地给予奖励,尽可能鼓励农业而非制造业、耕作而非畜牧。应努力削弱并废除行会、学徒制等制度,因为它们使农业劳动比工商业劳动报酬更低。只要这些有利于工匠的差别存在,国家就无法生产足够的食物。鼓励农业能提供更多健康的工作,增加产出,从而提高劳动的相对价格,改善劳动者境况。劳动者处境变好,又看不到教区救济的希望,就会更有能力也更愿意加入互助组织,防范自己或家人生病。

上下文

马尔萨斯《人口论》提出农业优先的政策建议,反对行会和学徒制对劳动力的限制。

今日一问

今天的政策是否也在无意中压低某些重要劳动的价值?

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