有闲阶级论·摘录 73 · 托斯丹·凡勃伦

It is notorious that in their selection of serviceable goods in the retail market purchasers are guided more by the finish and workmanship of the goods than by any marks of substantial serviceability. Goods, in order to sell, must have some appreciable amount of labor spent in giving them the marks of decent expensiveness, in addition to what goes to give them efficiency for the material use which they are to serve. This habit of making obvious costliness a canon of serviceability of course acts to enhance the aggregate cost of articles of consumption. It puts us on our guard against cheapness by identifying merit in some degree with cost. There is ordinarily a consistent effort on the part of the consumer to obtain goods of the required serviceability at as advantageous a bargain as may be; but the conventional requirement of obvious costliness, as a voucher and a constituent of the serviceability of the goods, leads him to reject as under grade such goods as do not contain a large element of conspicuous waste.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位：Excerpt 73 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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消费者在商店挑东西时，嘴上说看实用，实际更看做工和精致程度。一件商品要卖得动，除了能用，还得让人一眼看出花了不少工本，显得贵气。这种把“明显昂贵”当成好货标准的习惯，抬高了整体消费成本，也让我们把便宜和劣质划等号。买家当然想物美价廉，但社会习俗要求商品必须带着“显眼浪费”的印记，否则就被当成次品拒之门外。所以，我们多付的钱，常常不是买功能，而是买那个“看起来值钱”的标签。

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凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》讨论消费如何被社会地位和炫耀性浪费塑造，而非单纯满足需要。

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你最近买的东西里，有多少钱是花在“看起来贵”而不是“真的有用”上？

公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 龚廷贤《寿世保元》

宜 \x朴香丸\x 川浓朴（姜汁炒五錢）大附子（泡去皮脐三錢八分）木香（一錢半）上锉一剂。生姜七片。枣二枚。水煎热服。一論中满寒胀寒疝。大小便不通。阴躁。足不收。四肢厥逆。食入反出。下虚中满。腹胀心下痞。下焦躁寒沉厥。奔豚不收。宜 \x中满分消湯\x 益智（五分）半夏（姜炒五分）升麻（二分）茯苓（五分）木香（三分）黄（炒五分）吴茱萸（炒五分）川乌（二分）川朴（姜炒五分）草豆蔻（五分）人参（三分）泽泻（三分）青皮（去穣三分）…

寒胀适合用朴香丸：厚朴、附子、木香，加生姜七片、枣二枚，水煎热服。中满寒胀寒疝，大小便不通，阴躁，脚不能收，四肢厥冷，食入即吐，下虚中满，腹胀心下痞，下焦寒冷沉厥，奔豚不收，适合中满分消汤，内含益智、半夏、升麻、茯苓、木香、黄芪、吴茱萸、川乌、厚朴、草豆蔻、人参、泽泻、青皮、当归、柴胡、黄连、荜澄茄、黄柏、干姜、生姜。服药期间忌房劳、酒湿、面食、生硬冷物。另有中满腹胀、内有积聚如石坚硬、坐卧不宁、二便涩滞。

事业 · 普鲁塔克《希腊罗马名人传》

"Thessalus, the son of Cimon, of the township of Lacia, lays information that Alcibiades, the son of Clinias, of the township of the Scambonidae, has committed a crime against the goddesses Ceres and Proserpine, by…

这是对阿尔喀比亚德的正式控告：他涉嫌在自家宅子里戏仿厄琉息斯秘仪，穿祭司袍、自封大祭司，给同伴分配火炬手、传令官等角色，把神圣仪式当玩笑演。控告强调这违反欧摩尔庇代家族和厄琉息斯神庙的法规。核心是：在把宗教视为城邦根基的雅典，亵渎秘仪是严重政治罪。今天看，这提醒我们：拿别人最珍视的信仰或仪式开玩笑，即使私下，也可能引发严重冲突；表达自由要顾及公共底线。

投资 · 塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯《节俭》

The uncertainty of life is a strong inducement to provide against the evil day. To do this is a moral and social, as well as a religious duty. "He that provideth not for his own, and especially for those of his own…

人生无常，这是强烈的理由，促使我们为困难的日子做准备。这样做不仅是宗教义务，也是道德和社会义务。圣经上说，人若不照顾自己人，特别是自己家里的人，就是背弃信仰，比不信的人还不如。所以，节俭储蓄不只是个人理财，更是对家庭的责任。趁现在有能力，为意外和年老做些储备，别等到出事才后悔。具体做法可以是定期存一笔应急钱，或为家人买必要的保障。

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