Investing

Over the stock market cycle between yearends 2007 and 2013, we overperformed the S&P. Through full cycles in future years, we expect to do that again…

During our tenure, we have consistently compared the yearly performance of the S&P 500 to the change in Berkshire’s per-share book value. We’ve…

Today, our emphasis has shifted in a major way to owning and operating large businesses. Many of these are worth far more than their cost-based…

With that in mind, we have added a new set of data – the historical record of Berkshire’s stock price – to the performance table on the facing page.…

It was a good year for Berkshire on all major fronts, except one. Here are the important developments: ‹ Our “Powerhouse Five” – a collection of…

By the early 1990s, however, our focus had changed to the outright ownership of businesses, a shift that diminished the relevance of balance-sheet…

Over time, this asymmetrical accounting treatment (with which we agree) necessarily widens the gap between intrinsic value and book value. Today, the…

The unrecorded increase in the value of our owned businesses explains why Berkshire’s aggregate market- value gain – tabulated on the facing page –…

Charlie Munger, Berkshire Vice Chairman and my partner, and I expect Berkshire’s normalized earning power to increase every year. (Actual…

By the early 1990s, however, our focus was changing to the outright ownership of businesses, a shift that materially diminished the relevance of…

We’ve experienced both outcomes: As is the case in marriage, business acquisitions often deliver surprises after the “I do’s.” I’ve made some dumb…

We have no quarrel with the asymmetrical accounting that applies here. But, over time, it necessarily widens the gap between Berkshire’s intrinsic…

Over time, stock prices gravitate toward intrinsic value. That’s what has happened at Berkshire, a fact explaining why the company’s 52-year…

Despite its recent acquisitions, HomeServices is on track to do only about 3% of the country’s home- brokerage business in 2018. That leaves 97% to…

We believe that the annual probability of a U.S. mega-catastrophe causing $400 billion or more of insured losses is about 2%. No one, of course,…

No company comes close to Berkshire in being financially prepared for a $400 billion mega-cat. Our share of such a loss might be $12 billion or so,…

Viewed as a group – and excluding investment income – our operations other than insurance delivered pre- tax income of $20 billion in 2017, an…

Berkshire earned $4.0 billion in 2018 utilizing generally accepted accounting principles (commonly called “GAAP”). The components of that figure are…

The accuracy of that prediction can be suggested by our quarterly results during 2018. In the first and fourth quarters, we reported GAAP losses of $…

Wide swings in our quarterly GAAP earnings will inevitably continue. That’s because our huge equity portfolio – valued at nearly $173 billion at…

Our advice? Focus on operating earnings, paying little attention to gains or losses of any variety. My saying that in no way diminishes the…

Berkshire earned $81.4 billion in 2019 according to generally accepted accounting principles (commonly called “GAAP”). The components of that…

The adoption of the rule by the accounting profession, in fact, was a monumental shift in its own thinking. Before 2018, GAAP insisted – with an…

Berkshire’s 2018 and 2019 years glaringly illustrate the argument we have with the new rule. In 2018, a down year for the stock market, our net…

Meanwhile, in what we might call the real world, as opposed to accounting-land, Berkshire’s equity holdings averaged about $200 billion during the…

Berkshire earned $42.5 billion in 2020 according to generally accepted accounting principles (commonly called “GAAP”). The four components of that…

Operating earnings are what count most, even during periods when they are not the largest item in our GAAP total. Our focus at Berkshire is both to…

The two GAAP components pertaining to capital gains or losses (whether realized or unrealized) fluctuate capriciously from year to year, reflecting…

As I’ve emphasized many times, Charlie and I view Berkshire’s holdings of marketable stocks – at yearend worth $281 billion – as a collection of…

Berkshire owns a wide variety of businesses, some in their entirety, some only in part. The second group largely consists of marketable common stocks…

Whatever our form of ownership, our goal is to have meaningful investments in businesses with both durable economic advantages and a first-class CEO.…

I make many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses includes some enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many…

Early in 1965, things changed. Berkshire installed new management that redeployed available cash and steered essentially all earnings into a…

Charlie and I allocate your savings at Berkshire between two related forms of ownership. First, we invest in businesses that we control, usually…

Our goal in both forms of ownership is to make meaningful investments in businesses with both long-lasting favorable economic characteristics and…

One advantage of our publicly-traded segment is that – episodically – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. It’s…

Controlled businesses are a different breed. They sometimes command ridiculously higher prices than justified but are almost never available at…

In what I next relate, bear in mind that Charlie and his family did not have a dime invested in the small investing partnership that I was then…

Nevertheless, Charlie, in 1965, promptly advised me: “Warren, forget about ever buying another company like Berkshire. But now that you control…

************ Writers find it useful to picture the reader they seek, and often they are hoping to attract a mass audience. At Berkshire, we have a…

We, however, are left uncomfortable. At Berkshire, our view is that “earnings” should be a sensible concept that Bertie will find somewhat useful –…

Sometimes I’ve made mistakes in assessing the future economics of a business I’ve purchased for Berkshire – each a case of capital allocation gone…

Pete paused as his wife, daughter and I leaned forward. Then he surprised us: “Well, I looked at Berkshire’s proxy statement and I wouldn’t want to…

The four of us then went to dinner at Omaha’s Happy Hollow Club and lived happily ever after. During the next 19 years, Pete shot the lights out.…

But I’ve also had many pleasant surprises in both the potential of the business as well as the ability and fidelity of the manager. And our…

What is elementary, worldly wisdom? Well, the first rule is that you can't really know anything if you just remember isolated facts and try and bang…

And Warren and I don't feel like we have any great advantage in the high-tech sector. In fact, we feel like we're at a big disadvantage in trying…

Confronted with a like challenge to distill the secret of sound investment into three words, we venture the motto, MARGIN OF SAFETY.

The stock market is a voting machine rather than a weighing machine. It responds to factual data not directly but only as they affect the decisions…

We were accustomed to prepare for financial emergencies long before we needed the funds.

I determined that the proper policy was "to put all good eggs in one basket and then watch that basket."

We will continue to make investment decisions in light of long-term market leadership considerations rather than short-term profitability…

拼多多将是个勇于投资未来，立足长远的公司。

What are the models? Well, the first rule is that you've got to have multiple models—because if you just have one or two that you're using, the…

But you have to know enough about it to understand its limitations—because although accounting is the starting place, it's only a crude approximation.

Competition was so intense that, once it was unleashed by deregulation, it ravaged shareholder wealth in the airline business.

The determining trait of the enterprising (or active, or aggressive) investor is his willingness to devote time and care to the selection of…

There is no close time connection between inflationary (or deflationary) conditions and the movement of common-stock earnings and prices.

If you are a prudent investor or a sensible businessman, will you let Mr. Market’s daily communication determine your view of the value of a $1,000…

Diversification is an established tenet of conservative investment. By accepting it so universally, investors are really demonstrating their…