David Ricardo：On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, Excerpt 167

Beside the improvements in arts and machinery, there are various other causes which are constantly operating on the natural course of trade, and which interfere with the equilibrium, and the relative value of money. Bounties on exportation or importation, new taxes on commodities, sometimes by their direct, and at other times by their indirect operation, disturb the natural trade of barter, and produce a consequent necessity of importing or exporting money, in order that prices may be accommodated to the natural course of commerce; and this effect is produced not only in the country where the disturbing cause takes place, but, in a greater or less degree, in every country of the commercial world.

Source： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
Locator：Excerpt 167 · Verified：2026-10-19 · Verification：Short excerpt

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