Topic
Learning
Read by theme, not by timeline.
To Learn and Practice
子曰:「學而時習之,不亦說乎?有朋自遠方來,不亦樂乎?人不知而不慍,不亦君子乎?」
Learning practiced over time, friends from afar, and equanimity when misunderstood — the opening of the Analects.
Learning · Growth · Character · Chinese classics
Learning and Thinking
子曰:「學而不思則罔,思而不學則殆。」
Learning without thought is confusion; thought without learning is peril.
Learning · Cognition · Decision · Chinese classics
To Learn and Practice (Legge)
Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application?
Legge's translation of the opening of the Analects.
Learning · Growth · Chinese classics (translation)
The Institutional Imperative
Institutional dynamics, not venality or stupidity, set businesses on these courses, which are too often misguided.
Businesses go astray less from greed or stupidity than from the inertia of institutional dynamics.
Decision · Cognition · Leadership · Human nature · Learning · Modern investor letters
Bold Rather Than Timid
We will make bold rather than timid investment decisions where we see a sufficient probability of gaining market leadership advantages. Some of these…
Make bold bets when the odds of market leadership justify them; learn from both wins and losses.
Investing · Decision · Action · Growth · Learning · Modern investor letters
Pain + Reflection = Progress
Pain + Reflection = Progress. There is no avoiding pain, especially if you're going after ambitious goals.
Treat pain as a signal; reflect on it deliberately, and it becomes progress.
Cognition · Growth · Character · Decision · Learning · Modern investor letters
Do Things That Don't Scale
One of the most common types of advice we give at Y Combinator is to do things that don't scale.
Early startups should do unscalable things to get and keep users.
Growth · Action · Learning · Leadership · Modern investor letters
See the Worthy and Aspire
子曰:「見賢思齊焉,見不賢而內自省也。」
See the worthy and aspire to match them; see the unworthy and examine yourself.
Character · Learning · Growth · Human nature · Chinese classics
Knowledge and Action Are One
知是行的主意,行是知的功夫;知是行之始,行是知之成。
Knowledge is the beginning of action; action is the completion of knowledge.
Learning · Action · Cognition · Character · Chinese classics
Live Deliberately
I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to…
Live deliberately, face the essential facts, and do not discover at death that you never lived.
Character · Philosophy · Growth · Learning · Western classics
Reading, Conference, Writing
Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
Reading fills, discussion sharpens, and writing makes exact.
Learning · Cognition · Growth · Action · Western classics
Caigentan, Entry 23
攻人之惡,毋太嚴,要思其堪受; 教人之善,毋過高,當使其可從。
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Caigentan, Entry 45
學者要收拾精神,併歸一路。如修德而留意於事功名譽,必無實詣;讀書而寄興於吟詠風雅,定不深心。
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Caigentan, Entry 50
福莫福於少事,禍莫禍於多心。 唯苦事者,方知少事之為福; 唯平心者,始知多心之為禍。
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Caigentan, Entry 55
心地清淨,方可讀書學古。不然,見一善行,竊以濟私,聞一善言,假以覆短,是又藉寇兵而齎盜糧矣。
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Caigentan, Entry 57
讀書不見聖賢,為鉛槧傭; 居官不愛子民,為衣冠盜; 講學不尚躬行,為口頭禪; 立業不思種德,為眼前花。
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Caigentan, Entry 58
人心有一部真文章,都被殘編斷簡封錮了;有一部真鼓吹,都被妖姬豔舞湮沒了。學者須掃除外物,直覓本來,纔有個真受用。
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Caigentan, Entry 62
學者有段競業的心思,又要有段瀟洒的趣味。若一味斂束清苦,是有秋殺,無春生,何以發育萬物。
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Caigentan, Entry 82
氣象要高曠,而不可疏狂; 心思要縝密,而不可瑣屑; 趣味要沖澹,而不可偏枯; 操守要嚴明,而不可激烈。
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Caigentan, Entry 95
問祖宗之德澤,吾身所享者是,當念其積累之難; 問子孫之福祉,吾身所貽者是,要思其傾覆之易。
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Caigentan, Entry 100
居逆境中,周身皆鍼砭藥石,砥節勵行而不覺; 處順境內,滿前盡兵刃戈矛,銷膏糜骨而不知。
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Caigentan, Entry 124
念頭昏散處,要知提醒; 念頭喫緊時,要知放下。 不然恐去昏昏之病,又來憧憧之擾矣。
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Caigentan, Entry 208
用人不宜刻,刻則思效者去; 交友不宜濫,濫則貢諛者來。
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Caigentan, Entry 213
事稍拂逆,便思不如我的人,則尤怨自消; 心稍怠荒,便思勝似我的人,則精神自奮。
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Caigentan, Entry 215
善讀書者,要讀到手舞足蹈處,方不落筌蹄; 善觀物者,要觀到心融神洽時,方不泥迹象。
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Caigentan, Entry 217
至人何思何慮,愚人不識不知,可與論學亦可與建功。唯中材的人,多一番思慮知識,便多一番臆度猜疑,事事難與下手。
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Caigentan, Entry 230
人解讀有字書、不解讀無字書。 知彈有絃琴、不知彈無絃琴。 以迹用、不以神用、何以得琴書之趣。
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Caigentan, Entry 241
損之又損、栽花種竹、儘交還烏有先生。 忘無可忘、焚香煮茗、縂不問白衣童子。
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Caigentan, Entry 244
松澗辺、携杖獨行、立處雲生破衲。 竹窗下、枕書高臥、覺時月侵寒氈。
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Caigentan, Entry 275
讀易暁窗、丹砂研松間之露。 譚經午案、宝磬宣竹下之風。
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Caigentan, Entry 282
簾櫳高敞、看青山綠水呑吐雲煙、識乾坤之自在。 竹樹扶疏、任乳燕鳴鳩送迎時序、知物我之兩忘。
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Caigentan, Entry 297
詩思在灞陵橋上、微吟就、林岫便已浩然。 野興在鏡湖曲邊、獨往時、山川自相映發。
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Caigentan, Entry 298
伏久者、飛必高、開先者、謝獨早。 知此、可以免蹭蹬之憂、可以消躁急之念。
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Caigentan, Entry 311
斗室中、萬慮都捐、説甚畫棟飛雲、珠簾捲雨。 三杯後、一真自得、唯知素琴横月、短笛吟風。
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Caigentan, Entry 319
試思未生之前有何象貌、又思既死之後作何景色、則萬念灰冷、一性寂然、自可超物外遊象先。
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Caigentan, Entry 320
遇病而後思强之為寶、處亂而後思平之為福、非蚤智也。 倖福而知其為禍之本、貪生而先知其為死之因、其卓見乎。
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Caigentan, Entry 323
田父野叟、語以黄鷄白酒、則欣然喜、問以鼎養食、則不知。 語以藥袍裋褐、則油然樂、問以袞服、則不識。 其天全、故其欲淡、此是人生第一個境界。
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Caigentan, Entry 335
登高使人心曠、臨流使人意遠。 讀書於雨雪之夜、使人神清、舒嘯於丘阜之嶺、使人興邁。
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Caigentan, Entry 344
花看半開、酒飲微醉。 此中大佳趣。 若至爛漫骸醄、便成悪境矣。 履盈滿者、宜思之。
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Caigentan, Entry 353
人生減省一分、便超脱一分。 如交遊減便免紛擾、言語減便寡愆尤、思慮減則精神不耗、縂明減則混沌可完。 彼不求日減而求日増者、真桎梏此生哉。
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 5
愛因未會先生「知行合一」之訓,與宗賢、惟賢往復辯論,未能決,以問於先生。 先生曰:「試舉看。」 愛曰:「如今人盡有知得父當孝、兄當弟者,卻不能孝、不能弟,便是知與行分明是兩件。」 先生曰:「此已被私欲隔斷,不是知行的本體了。未有知而不行者;知而不行,只是未知。聖賢教人知行,正是安復那本體,不是著你…
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 5
聖人教人必要是如此,方可謂之知;不然,只是不曾知。此卻是何等緊切著實的工夫?如今苦苦定要說知行做兩個,是甚麼意?某要說做一個,是什麼意?若不知立言宗旨,只管說一個、兩個,亦有甚用?」 愛曰:「古人說知行做兩個,亦是要人見個分曉。一行做知的功夫,一行做行的功夫,即功夫始有下落。」 先生曰:「此卻失了…
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 6
愛問:「昨聞先生『止至善』之教,已覺功夫有用力處。但與朱子『格物』之訓,思之終不能合。」 先生曰:「『格物』是『止至善』之功,既知『至善』,即知『格物』矣。」 愛曰:「昨以先生之教推之『格物』之說,似亦見得大略。但朱子之訓,其於《書》之『精一』,《論語》之『博約』,《孟子》之『盡心知性』,皆有所證…
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 6
朱子錯訓『格物』,只為倒看了此意,以『盡心知性』為『物格知至』,要初學便去做『生知安行』事,如何做得?」 愛問:「『盡心知性』何以為『生知安行』?」 先生曰:「性是心之體,天是性之原,盡心即是盡性。惟天下至誠,為能盡其性,知天地之化育。『存心』者,心有未盡也。『知天』,如『知州』、『知縣』之『知』…
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 9
愛問:「先生以『博文』為『約禮』功夫;深思之,未能得。略請開示。」 先生曰:「『禮』字即是『理』字。『理』之發見可見者,謂之『文』;『文』之隱微不可見者,謂之『理』;只是一物。『約禮』,只是要此心純是一個天理。要此心純是天理,須就『理』之發見處用功。如發見於事親時,就在事親上學存此天理;發見於事君…
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 11
於是紛紛之說盡廢,而天下之言《易》者始一。《書》、《詩》、《禮》、《樂》、《春秋》皆然。《書》自《典》、《謨》以後,《詩》自《二南》以降,如《九丘》、《八索》,一切淫哇逸蕩之詞,蓋不知其幾千百篇;《禮》、《樂》之名物度數,至是亦不可勝窮。孔子皆刪削而述正之,然後其說始廢。如《書》、《詩》、《禮》、…
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 11
或因人請問,各隨分量而說,亦不肯多道,恐人專求之言語,故曰『予欲無言』。若是一切縱人欲、滅天理的事,又安肯詳以示人?是長亂導奸也。故孟子云:『仲尼之門,無道桓、文之事者,是以後世無傳焉。』此便是孔門家法。世儒只講得一個伯者的學問,所以要知得許多陰謀詭計,純是一片功利的心,與聖人作經的意思正相反,如…
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 14
又曰:「《五經》亦只是史。史以明善惡,示訓戒;善可為訓者,時存其跡以示法;惡可為戒者,存其戒而削其事以杜奸。」 愛曰:「存其跡以示法,亦是存天理之本然;削其事以杜奸,亦是遏人欲於將萌否?」 先生曰:「聖人作經,固無非是此意,然又不必泥著文句。」 愛又問:「惡可為戒者,存其戒而削其事以杜奸,何獨於《…
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 15
陸澄問:「主一之功,如讀書則一心在讀書上,接客則一心在接客上,可以為主一乎?」 先生曰:「好色則一心在好色上,好貨則一心在好貨上,可以為主一乎?是所謂遂物,非主一也。主一是專主一個天理。」
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 17
「日間工夫覺紛擾,則靜坐;覺懶看書,則且看書,是亦因病而藥。」
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 20
問:「後世著述之多,恐亦有亂正學。」 先生曰:「人心天理渾然,聖賢筆之書,如寫真傳神,不過示人以形狀大略,使之因此而討求其真耳;其精神意氣,言笑動止,固有所不能傳也。後世著述,是又將聖人所畫,摹仿謄寫,而妄自分析加增,以逞其技,其失真愈遠矣。」
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 21
問:「聖人應變不窮,莫亦是預先講求否?」 先生曰:「如何講求得許多?聖人之心如明鏡,只是一個明,則隨感而應,無物不照;未有已往之形尚在,未照之形先具者。若後世所講,卻是如此,是以與聖人之學大背。周公制禮作樂以文天下,皆聖人所能為,堯、舜何不盡為之而待於周公?孔子刪述《六經》以詔萬世,亦聖人所能為,…
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 23
問:「靜時亦覺意思好,才遇事便不同,如何?」 先生曰:「是徒知養靜,而不用克己工夫也。如此,臨事便要傾倒。人須在事上磨,方立得住,方能靜亦定,動亦定。」
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 24
問上達工夫。 先生曰:「後儒教人,纔涉精微,便謂『上達』未當學,且說『下學』;是分『下學』、『上達』為二也。夫目可得見,耳可得聞,口可得言,心可得思者,皆『下學』也;目不可得見,耳不可得聞,口不可得言,心不可得思者,『上達』也。如木之栽培灌溉,是『下學』也;至於日夜之所息,條達暢茂,乃是『上達』。…
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 25
問:「『惟精』、『惟一』是如何用功?」 先生曰:「『惟一』是『惟精』主意,『惟精』是『惟一』功夫;非『惟精』之外,復有『惟一』也。『精』字從米,姑以米譬之:要得此米純然潔白,便是『惟一』意;然非加舂簸篩揀『惟精』之功,則不能純然潔白也。舂簸篩揀是『惟精』之功,然亦不過要此米到純然潔白而已。博學、審…
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 31
問:「看書不能明,如何?」 先生曰:「此只是在文義上穿求,故不明。如此,又不如為舊時學問。他到看得多,解得去。只是他為學雖極解得明曉,亦終身無得;須於心體上用功。凡明不得、行不去,須反在自心上體當,即可通。蓋《四書》、《五經》不過說這心體,這心體即所謂道,心體明即是道明,更無二。此是為學頭腦處。」
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 33
或問:「晦庵先生曰:『人之所以為學者,心與理而已。』,此語如何?」 曰:「心即性,性即理,下一『與』字,恐未免為二。此在學者善觀之。」
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 42
澄問《學》、《庸》同異。 先生曰:「子思括《大學》一書之義,為《中庸》首章。」
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 59
問「哭則不歌」。 先生曰:「聖人心體自然如此。」
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Chuanxilu, 卷上 61
問《律呂新書》。 先生曰:「學者當務為急,算得此數熟亦恐未有用,必須心中先具禮、樂之本,方可。且如其書說多用管以候氣,然至冬至那一刻時,管灰之飛或有先後,須臾之間,焉知那管正值冬至之刻?須自心中先曉得冬至之刻始得。此便有不通處。學者須先從禮、樂本原上用功。」
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