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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 4
然而二十餘年汙萊如故,歲終覈報,竟屬虛文者,則有故焉。夫沃田必不荒,而荒者必瘠也。沃則事半而功倍,瘠則事倍而功半。以事之倍,企功之半,費至鉅也。即寬其二年之租,寧足償乎?勞費未償,徵斂隨至,里胥索逋,而富室責券,譁無已時矣。《語》曰:「天下攘攘,皆為利往;天下熙熙,皆為利來。」今未睹墾荒之利,而輒…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 15
聖王之政,不過率之以勤勞於善而已。勤勞則淫僻無自生變,故不能怵;偷惰則善心無自生變,故不能支。故《周禮》設官,「居家則有比、閭、族、黨、州、鄉、鄰、里、酇、鄙、縣、遂」,以施教化;在「野則為井邑、丘甸、縣都,通成終同,以相什伯。」大司馬所握之六軍,內以役於王都,更休而不竭;外以制於四方,調遣而有餘…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 16
雖然,晁錯有言:「人情莫不欲逸,三王節其力而不盡。」豈周之民終歲勤動而不得息者耶?愚嘗合周制土田居民之數而得其說矣。故以王畿千里居民之數計之,為田一千六百同,每同除山澤、邑居、溝渠、道路等三分之一為六千四百井。以上、中、下三等不易,一易、再易計之,一夫耕二夫之地,實止四家,以可任者三人至二人計之,…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 20
《孟子》曰:「方里而井,井九百畝,其中為公田,八家皆私,百畝同養公田,公事畢然後敢治私事。」言井田形體之制,亦既詳且明矣。夫井九百畝為方一里,每夫受田百畝,則一井九區,步百為畝,畝百為夫,止八夫也。九夫為井,是井中公而數之公田,曷嘗有夫哉?以九夫名井則可,以九區起夫則非,況制里室亦起數於九夫,則九…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 21
至鄭氏以井、邑、丘甸、縣都之制為造都鄙,其說已非。又云「邑方二里,丘方四里,甸方八里,旁加一里」,則方十里為一成,俱與《孟子》「方里而井」不合。其旁加之說,亦不過求合乎《司馬法》耳。起夫制,里且各一其見,其何以行之哉?春秋時,魯既取公田之稅,至宣公稅畝,則復稅其私田而什取其二,故《春秋》譏之。觀有…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 22
則其開阡陌,盡地利,豈可盡委罪衛鞅、李悝之徒哉!厥后惟元魏行之,由周、隋以及唐初,亦無成績。而限田均田,紛紛靡有定論。故言井田之當行者,則曰「仁政必自經界始。」況民有恆產,重本抑末,同井並耕,勤惰齊力,富無兼并,吏無橫征,革車長轂,出之丘甸,不必出賦以養兵;戎馬馳突,限於溝澮,不必長城以禦虜。出入…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 27
萬夫之地,蓋三十二里有半。而其間為川為路者一,為澮為道者九,為洫為涂者百,為溝為畛者千,為遂為徑者萬。此二者,非塞溪壑,平澗谷,夷丘陵,破墳墓,壞廬舍,徙城郭、易疆隴,不可為也。縱使盡能得平原曠野,而遂規畫於其中,亦當驅天下之人,竭天下之糧,窮數百年專力於此,不治他事,而後可以望天下之地,盡為井田…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 28
唐虞啟之,至於夏、商,稍稍葺治,至周而大備。周公承之,因遂申定其制度,疏整其疆界,非一日而遽能如此也,其所由來者漸矣。夫井田雖不可為,而其實便於今。今誠有能為近井田者而用之,則亦可以蘇民困矣乎!聞之董生曰:「井田雖難,卒行且少。」近古限民名田,以贍不足。名田之說,蓋出於此,而後世未有行者,非以不便…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 30
俗吏見近事,儒者好遠謀,故小者欲抑奪兼并之家以寬細民,而大者欲復古井田之制,使其民皆得其利。夫抑兼并之術,吏之強敏,有必行之於州縣者矣。而井田之制,百年之間,士方且相與按圖而畫之,轉以相授,而自嫌其迂,未敢以告於上者,雖告亦莫之聽也。」夫二說者,其為論雖可通,而亦皆非有益於當世,為治之道,終不在此…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 31
昔者自黃帝至於成周,天子所自治者,皆是一國之地,是以尺寸步「畝可歷見於鄉遂之中,而置官師,役民夫,正疆界,治溝洫,終歲辛苦,以井田為事。而諸侯亦各自治其國,百世不移,故井田之法可頒於天下。然江、漢以北,濰、淄以東,其不能為者,不強使也。今天下為一國,雖有郡縣,吏皆總於上,率二三歲一代。其間大吏有不…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 40
其說可謂切中秦、漢以後之病,然揆其本原,皆由乎地廣人眾,罷候置守,不私其土,世其官之所致也。是以晉太康時,雖有男子一人占田七十畝之制,而史不詳言其還受之法,未幾五胡雲擾,則已無所究詰。直至魏孝文,始行均田,然其立法之大概,亦不過因田之在民者而均之,不能盡。如三代之制,一傳而後政已亂。北齊、周、隋因…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 41
蓋有封建足以維持井田故也。三代而上,天下非天子之所得私也;秦廢封建而始以天下奉一人矣。三代而上,田產非庶人所得私也;秦廢井田而始捐田產以與百姓矣。秦於其所當予者取之,所當取者予之。然沿襲既久,反古實難。欲復封建,是自割裂其土宇以啟紛爭;欲復井田,是強奪民之田產以召怨讟。書生之論所以不可行也。《井田…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 46
山林川澤,固在餘除之外,一易再易者,一夫耕二夫三夫之地,圭田則以一井中公田而為二,餘則以一夫之田而為四;士田、賈田等,各隨分量授之,如餘夫法。若其地形偏斜不足者,則會算以足百畝之數。蓋有窒礙不可行,亦何取正方如紙上所畫哉?《孟子》曰:「此其大略也。若夫潤澤之則,在君與子。」斯言得之矣。但其法始於黃…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 53
譚者謂戰國干戈之後,丘陵城郭,墳壟廬舍,鞠為茂草,即有平原,亦半「荊棘。」漢去秦無幾,已不能比次而經紀之。顧處千載之下,而欲籠其業以授民,踵新莽之覆轍。吁,亦迂矣!是井田之不能復也,勢也。議者無已,又有限田、均田之說。董仲舒倡限田於元狩,而武帝不果行;師丹請限田於鴻嘉,而成帝不能用。乾興初,詔限公…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 54
由周而來七百年,魏孝文納李安世之疏,均授民田,然不再傳而廢。又百二十年而唐太宗定口分世業之法,然行未久而報罷。又二百三十年而周世宗詔行元稹《均田圖法》,然世族群起而撓之。夫周制既遠,生齒錯出,民之遷徙靡定,田之給代無常,而履畝握筭,官且不勝其盭矣。是均田之不能久也,亦勢也。夫田不能井,又不能限,又…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 57
則通東南之漕運以給太倉者,常也;斂西北之粟以足邊儲者,權也,所以濟漕運之所不及也。」雖然,天下之事,建議者思之非不周,而執事者行之未必力。方集議開京東瀕海之田,而極施為措置之詳,其法非不鑿鑿可行也,而肉食者鄙,竟以浮言阻之。卒之至正間,海運不繼,燕京乏食,宰臣議行,僅以紓一時之急,而國之成敗莫之有…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 058, Entry 60
此所以九州同,四隩宅,而萬世永利也。商之衰也,五行之官,世失其業。周人始命遂人「十夫為溝,百夫為洫,千夫為澮,萬夫為川」,而溝洫之制始立。「《稻人》以瀦蓄水,以防止水,以溝蕩水,以遂均水,以列舍水,以澮瀉水」,而溝洫之制益詳。至於《匠人氏》又辨其深廣之度而通其蓄洩之宜,其法可謂盡善矣。然周人豈夷陵…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 3
若以閩、浙瀕海治地之法行之,穿渠灌水,未必不可為稻田。」而一時文武將吏諸人無肯應命者。至今春始買牛制器,開渠築堤,一時並舉。計葛沽、白塘二處,耕種共五千餘畝,內稻二千畝,其糞多力勤者畝收四五石,餘三千畝或種薥豆或旱稻。薥豆得水灌溉,糞多者亦畝收一二石,惟旱稻竟以鹼立槁。臣近巡歷天津,親詣查勘,據副…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 9
合候命下本部移咨天津海防巡撫都御史,「督行各該兵備道,即將各哨上環海荒田地,南自靜海,北至直沽、永平等處,并諭遠近軍民人等,各自備工本,儘力開種,官給印照,世為己業。成熟三年之後,方許收稅。酌量本地所獲花利,每畝上地納穀一斗,中地六升,下地三升,另項收貯,專備海防餉費。此外不許別項科擾。如有力大能…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 10
至於有力大能捐本倡率者,另題優敘。庶幾人自勸勉,地闢而根益增,兵農兼濟,上下相資。計無善於此矣。沈一貫《山東營田疏》曰:「臣聞軍國之需,最先足食;生財之道,貴在聚民。頃因倭氛飆起,海防戒嚴,創設天津、登萊巡撫,以圖戰守;更責內地巡撫,計處兵食器械,以資接濟。今山東巡撫缺,蒙特允以尹應元往彼整飭之。…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 15
事本不難,得人即易』。」數年前鄭汝璧巡撫此地,有其志矣,而被流言以去,美業不終,臣甚惜之。皇上奮誅島夷,海內方喁喁嚮風,樂趨王事,況招狹鄉之民,以就寬鄉之民,人心所欲,因民之利而利事,亦不勞管仲之事。功雖不足為天下士大夫願,而姑取救時,亦當有奮然而任者。且聞江北畿南可墾甚多,又不特山東為然也,以此…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 16
還著」巡按御史稽查勤惰,以行賞罰。都添入《敕內》,永遠遵行。附《耿橘開荒申》曰:「常熟縣為設法開墾荒田,以裕民生、以裨國計事。切照本縣坐濱江海,田地高下不齊,肥瘠參半,兼以賦役繁重,民生游惰,以故田多荒蕪,蕭條滿野。然非土性之荒也,水利未修,旱澇無備,荒者且歲有益焉,則熟之難。流移未還,勞來未至,…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 22
若所屯之田,半屬逃亡絕戶之遺,亦民業也。降自中葉,官莊、軍屯多,而民田日寡矣。凡田以近郭為上地,迤遠為中地、下地。金、元末都邑墟,人民鮮少,故耕者先近郭後遠郊。近郭率《洪武冊》田,遠郊多繼代者。凡田五尺為步,步二百四十為畝,畝百為頃。太祖仍元里社制,河北諸州縣以社分里甲,遷民分屯之地以屯分里甲。社…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 25
當是時,江西安福縣虛,糧尤嬴,祭酒鄒守益致政家居,贊有司行之,賦以竟平安。如山知裕州,行之境內,原隰平衍膏腴之田一而當一,平石岡田二而當一,山石岡田三而當一,山石陡陂之田四而當一,陂池林麓、廨舍廛市之稅蠲之。蓋是時丈量法未甚具,始一二舉行,人多疑憚。於是靖江朱本思者,論發明之,以為「立界計畝,任土…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 29
詔俟三年後畝收一斗。詔犯罪論戍者屯臨濠,招流亡。屯黃河迤北及四川,西南至船城,東北至塔灘,相去八百里間。公、侯、伯人賜卒百十有二人,為從者曰奴軍,設百戶一,給屯戍印及鐵冊,號「鐵冊軍。」兼行中鹽法。遣鄧愈、湯和諸將,開衛陝西、彰德、汝寧、北平、永平,董兵屯戍。徙山西真定民屯鳳陽,饋運餉遼,渡海有溺…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 31
餘糧一十二石,為本衛所官軍俸糧,歲赴京上數較覈,督屯官偕都司所委指揮督察者至比屯軍,既不糜餉,又納餘糧,所以公廩皆有餘積。太宗定為軍官賞罰之法,視歲入為上下,地宜不同,令各種樣田為考較之差。更定衛所屯守之數。凡臨邊險要,守多於屯;地僻遠,若輸運艱者,屯多於守。寧夏臨邊,每四五屯間,相水草美者,浚濠…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 32
諸衛所屯軍,百名以上委百戶,三百名以上,千戶五百名以上指揮提督之。屯設紅牌,列著《屯田則例》,於上年六十殘疾幼者,令耕自食不限例。凡以公事妨農務者,免徵籽粒。更禁衛所差撥。別分田三十畝,止徵糧四石以優軍。其貧者餘糧免半徵」牛。朝鮮分給屯戍,修築陂隄,有罪儈徒及逃民,皆令耕屯。時各路修舉屯政,東自「…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 36
景泰間,邊方多事,其法盡壞。復辟後,稍議興復,然沿至憲宗,視舊所入,十不及一矣。至弘治年,屯糧愈輕,有畝止三升者。故正德間,遼東屯糧,視永樂年田嬴一萬八千餘頃,糧縮四萬六千餘石。永樂間,徵之屯軍者,嬴三之一。常操軍一十九萬,以屯軍四萬二千有餘給之,而受供者又得自耕。邊外軍無月糧,以是邊餉足用。」是…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 42
熹懷之世,人事日舛,天災流行。張慎言按天津屯,疏獎郭世安捐貲募墾,謂從隗始,然竟無應者。初,汪應蛟設屯一兵,授田四畝,歲輸稻穀八石,資行糧船械以操兼屯。董應奉繼之,以稻穀充運價,復扣餉以抵,失其初意。崔爾達命石折銀三錢,以四之一備船械,二抵「運價,免其一以示恤。」左光斗於河間、天津設屯學,願入學者…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 43
明時,為民厲者,無過皇莊諸王、勳戚中官莊田。太祖賜勳臣、公侯、丞相以下莊田,若公田租少頃一二十石;百,多頃百石;千。親王田頃百,歲入租石萬餘。又賜公侯暨武臣公田。既百官各賜公田,以其租入充祿。其後公侯復歲祿歸舊,賜田於官。其時指揮歿於戰陣者皆賜公田。諸勳臣莊佃,多倚威扞禁者。上召諸臣諭之曰:「古人…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 50
《莊田科》則,初畝徵一斗五升若二斗。孝宗制莊田佃戶輸州縣,不自徵。又定莊田畝徵三分,然當時自徵厚斂者如故。請於上,上亦輒許之。武宗即位甫踰月,即建皇莊七:曰「大興縣十里鋪」,曰「大皇莊」,曰「深溝兒」,曰「高密店」,曰「石婆營」,曰「六里屯」,曰「土城莊。」其後增置不一。其可紀者,如昌平州樓子村,…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 56
駙馬三世留十頃,為公主香火得永給,視舊制稍寬,而王棟、陳承恩、李鶴、鄭國泰並賜如故。而其後應論減者,輒奉詔旨姑留矣。先聖孔氏,歷代有廟田,又有三氏學田。洪武元年,賜孔廟鉅野、平陽、東阿、獨山、鄆城五屯地。宣德年,五屯佃五百戶,凡丁二千,又仍元舊。賜刁陽里田三千畝,為三氏學田。繼墾尼山周圍田二十餘頃…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 059, Entry 57
魏忠賢一門,被賜尤渥,多行不義,天怒人怨,雖有中主,承其委,不能為已。.mw-parser-output.licenseContainer{box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0.25em;clear:both;width:auto…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 10
誠能申明而舉行之,則前弊必自革矣。《蘇州嘉興屯田紀績頌》〈并序〉李翰「禹平九土,溝洫之功大;棄粒蒸人,稼穡之務重。」自古有國家,未嘗不率由斯道,底慎其業。故登平足以厚生殖,禍難足以定凶災,未有易此而能理者。自羯戎亂常,天步多艱,兵連不解,十有四年。因之以饑饉,重之以夭札,死者曝露,亡者惰遊。編版之…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 12
至於宣上命,齊下「力經地域,制地事,辨土宜,均土法,簡穡器,修稼政,陳三壤之種而敬其始,考九農之要而成其終,則都知之職專達其事焉,詎可以非其人哉?」浙西觀察都團練使、御史中丞兼吳郡守贊皇公,上國大賢,憂公如家,慎擇厥官,以對明命。浙西有三屯,嘉禾為之大,乃以大理評事朱自勉主之。且揚州在「九州之地最…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 13
嘉禾大田二十七屯,廣輪曲折,千有餘里,公畫為封疆,屬於海,濬其畎澮,「達於川,求遂氏治野之法,修稻人稼澤之政,芟以殄草,剔以除木,風以布種,土以附根」,頒其法也。冬耕春種,夏耘秋穫,朝巡夕課,日考旬會,趨其時也。勤者勞之,惰者勖之,合耦助之,移田救之,宣其力也。下稽功事,達之於上,上制祿食,復之於…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 15
古者智效一官,政修一鄉,猶歌之詠之,手之足之,況朱公之績,如此其大者乎?遂相與斲琬琰,表阡陌。南陽太守,豈專刻石之功;桐鄉嗇夫,終踐大農之位。其辭曰:茫茫九區陽九躔災,丘荒札瘥,田卒污萊。天步未移,連師滿野。不耕不穫,仰食於下。嗷嗷遺人,餬口饋軍。帝曰予憂,爰立其屯。且戰且耕,古之善經。辟師肅祗,…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 21
高祖之滅秦,光武之承漢,可為而不為,以是為恨。」吾又以為不然。今雖使富民奉其田而歸諸公,乞為井田,其勢亦不可得。何則?井田之制,非塞溪壑,平澗谷,夷丘陵,破墳墓,壞廬舍,徙城郭、易疆隴,不可為也。縱使能盡得平原曠野而遂規畫於其中,亦當驅天「下之人,竭天下之糧,窮數百年專力於此,不治他事而後可以望天…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 22
非唐虞之世,則周之世無以成井田。唐虞啟之,至於夏商,稍稍葺治,至周而大備。周公承之,因遂申定其制度,疏整其疆界,非一日而遽能如此也,其所由來者漸矣。夫井田雖不可為,而其實便於今。今誠有能為近井田者而用之,則亦可以蘇民矣乎。聞之董生曰:「井田雖難卒行,宜少。」近古限民名田,以贍不足。名田之說,蓋出於…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 26
象耘沃野,戰守有經。蟻聚列營,坐作聽命。期復恢於境宇,宜渙錫於山川。是用陟防渚之齋旄,開廣陵之棨鉞。兵事節度,悉歸封履之中;地利便宜,盡入輿圖之內。仍申采錫,庸顯恩崇。於戲!師整戎修,徹土冀歌於《周雅》;馬騰士飽,平淮宜上於唐勛。往服朕言,式永終譽。可特授保康軍節度使兩淮安撫制置大使兼判揚州兼提領…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 29
臣衰晚迂疏,無所能似,猥蒙聖恩,𢌿以郡級。靜惟僥冒,常懼無以補報萬分。今者乃幸遭逢聖朝,不忘遐遠,推行仁政,首於二郡。以臣適守是邦,使得與討論之列,其為慶幸,何可勝言。臣自早年即為縣吏,實在漳、泉兩郡之間。中歲為農,又「得備諳田畝之事。竊見《經界》一事,最為民間莫大之利。其紹興年中已推行處,至今…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 32
一州不足則取於一路,見任不足則取於得替。待缺之中,皆委守臣踏逐申差,或權領縣事,或只以措置經界為名,使之審思熟慮於其始,而委任責成於其終。事畢之後,量加旌賞。果得其人,則事克濟而民無擾矣。伏乞聖照,許賜施行。一、經界之法,打量一事最費功力,而紐折算計之法又人所難曉者。本州自聞初降指揮,即已差人於鄰…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 33
欲乞聖慈特詔戶部根檢謄錄,點對行下。「一圖帳之法,始於一保。大則山川道路,小則人戶田宅,必要東西相連,南北相照,以至頃畝之闊狹,水土之高低,亦須當眾共定,各得其實。其十保合為一都,則其圖帳但取山水之連接與逐保之大界總數而已,不必更開人戶田宅之闊狹高下也。其諸郡合為一縣,則其圖帳亦如保之於都而已,不…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 34
如此則大利可成,而民亦不至於甚病矣。又據龍巖縣尉劉璧申:「經界之行,惟里之正長,其役最為煩重,疆理畎畝,分別土色,均攤稅賦。其在當時,動經再歲。彼出入阡陌,妨廢家務,固已不勝其勞。一有廣狹失度,肥磽失宜,輕重失當,則詞訴並興,而督責又隨至矣。然有產則有役,適當重難,使出心力以應役使亦無可奈何。然彼…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 37
為今之計,莫若將見在田土打量步畝一概均產」,每田一畝隨九等高下,定計產錢幾文,而總合一州諸色租稅錢米之數,卻以產錢為母,別定等則,一例均敷。每產一文,納米若干、錢若干;米只一倉受納,錢亦一庫交收,卻以到官之數照元分數分隸,若干為省計,若干為職田,若干為學糧,若干為常平,逐旋撥入諸色倉庫。除逐年二稅…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 40
頃者朝廷俾閩路漕臣措置汀州經界,續恐有擾,而權行住罷。夫經界雖難遽行,然因其鄉俗而行之以漸,則無勞擾之患。蓋閩郡多山田,素無畝角可計。鄉例率計種子,或斗或升」,每一斗種,大率繫產錢十餘文。若使民戶自以本戶產錢均配其田,自為二簿,一輸之官,一為戶簿,如江、浙之例,每段畫圖而旁寫四至,配以產錢若干。其…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 41
行之二三年,畝產漸實,然後使保正長自畫圖為甲、乙、壬、癸等字號而總計之,則民心自安,不差官吏,不置司局,而民亦無擾矣。」二月九日,三省同奉聖旨,令福建路監司相度條具聞奏,牒請契勘本州曾未舉行經界,如或已行,即未委先行係作如何施行。目今見行「遵守,有無所行未盡,若未行經界,亦合作何措置,逐一條具經久…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 42
今睹上項指揮,適與鄙意所欲言者不約而合。以此更加詢訪,見得經界行否之利害一,經界詳略之利害一,又得其所必可行之術三,又得其將不得行之慮一,不敢隱默。謹具如後:「一,版籍不正,田稅不均,雖若小事,然其實最為公私莫大之害。蓋貧者無業而有稅,則私家有輸納欠負、追呼、監繫之苦;富者有業而無稅,則公家有隱瞞…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 44
此經界行否之利害然也。然則今日議臣之請,亦可謂深知所以救時弊之急矣。但其所言閩、廣之事,或非親見,容有未實。蓋紹興年中福建一路,實但泉、漳、汀州不曾經界,然亦非全然不行也。是其打量攢造,蓋已什八九成,而提刑孫汝翼以為山賊未平,民散田荒,慮有不實,亟奏罷之,本非此三州者,偏有不可經界之勢也。且其至今…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 48
既得其人,則使之審思熟慮於其始,而委任責成於其終,事畢之後,量加旌賞,以報其勤。其」權領者則又稍優其賞,而歸之故官,則大事克濟,而於其不能者亦無大害。此則差官置局必可行之說也。至於打量一事,則其勢不得不少勞民力。但一縣之地,大者分為數百千保,小者分為數十百保,使之分頭散出,各自打量,則亦不至多時日…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 53
而賢士大夫之喜安靜、厭紛擾者,又或不能深察其情,而望風沮怯,例為不可行之說,以助其勢。殊不知泉、漳之民,本自良善,不能為寇。唯汀州及漳之龍巖,素號多盜,然前後數起如沈師、姜大老官、黃三之徒,皆非為經界而起也。乃以不曾經界、有稅無業之民,狼狽失所者「眾,而輕於從亂耳。」若其富家巨室,業多稅少之人,則…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 54
今朝廷之尊,臺府之重,其去田里有稅無業之民,蓋已遠矣。而又有此浮偽姦險之說,以蕩搖乎其間,則亦何由信此利害之實而必行之哉?此熹所以雖獨知之,而不能不以「或不得行為慮也。」伏乞台察。右謹件如前。熹之愚意,又竊以為「此事今在諸司詳為開陳,朝廷力賜主張。首以定計為先,次以擇人為急,然後博采眾論,取其所長…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 56
契勘熹到官之初,即被上件指揮,已具己見畫一供申,本州又已取到知龍谿、翁朝奉等官議狀備申去訖。近準泉州關報,亦已條具申聞。」竊意事之利病,雖未易以一言盡,然,其可否之決,當亦可見於此矣。而至今累月,未有定論,使司排日移「文,尚且更令詢究。」此雖高明謙遜,博盡下情,謹之重之,不為輕舉。然此一事,自初降…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 57
今來已是夏末秋初,而都未見有此消息,文字往來,泛然而已。正使幸而不至寢罷,亦須明年秋冬方得下手。是則不惟虛費時月,使三州疲悴之民,更受一年之苦,而上下官吏,必將妄疑諸司無意主張,不肯著力詢究。兼是事未施行,利害曲折,亦非常情所能預料,雖欲詢究其道無由,徒爾紛紛,不惟無益,而適所以漏洩幾事,動搖眾心…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 58
及其訖事,則版圖稍正,稅役稍均,民到於今賴之,不可誣也。故熹竊謂此事雖或不免勞人動眾,然其勢不得不行,而其理亦決然可行,其為利害,不在乎他,但在斷與不斷、行與不行之間爾。若蒙諸司力為申明,朝廷早賜行下,使官吏曉然知是斷然必行之令,已終不得不任其責,則其利病之曲折,自當有能次第推尋,接續申請者。今皆…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 59
本州今月初九日準轉運衙牒錄白到尚書省十二月二日劄子:福建轉運、提刑、提舉司奏,相度到漳、泉、汀州經界,十一月二十六日降指揮,令福建轉運司照相度到事理,先將漳州措置施行。仍每縣各於所部內選差有材力能幹官一員,同知縣公共措置,務要盡得其實,毋致引惹詞訴。及委陳某專一提」督,候打量,開具已行事件及《打量…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 61
而熹自去年累次申請,亦欲秋成之後,即便打量東作之前,次第了畢。其後又因具奏待罪,明言年歲向晚,播穀有期,若便施行,亦恐不免有緩不及事之責。蓋區區之愚慮,亦未嘗不在於此「也。目今雖然方是十月中旬,然閩南地煖,管下田土纔及冬春之交,民間已是耕犁。若於此時施行,不惟有妨農務,而春月雨水常多,原野泥濘,恐…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 060, Entry 63
欲望使司詳酌其宜,特賜敷奏,略倣紹興十八年事體,許俟七月一日方行差役,十月一日然後打量。其他分畫都界、置立土封之類,即容本州日下一面措置,以至秋成之後,打量之時,規畫當益詳盡,吏民當益諳熟,既免妨農之實害,又銷不逞之浮言。蓋雖遲之歲月,而累歲依違不決之議,一方因襲難革之弊,百年久遠一定之規,可以」…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 061, Entry 2
竊聞此事,丞相極勞經畫,乃得施行,千里貧民,無不知感。但恨聞命之日,已是正初,農事方興,不容措手。已申漕司,乞候十月一日下手打量矣。其合預行措置事件,則目今不住施行講究,令益精審,以俟及期而行,必不致有誤事。但此事之行,雖細民之所願欲,而豪家右族倚勢并兼者,惡其害己,莫不陰謀詭計,思有以動搖。未知…
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Gujin Tushu Jicheng, Economy, Volume 061, Entry 5
台旆到闕日,若已得請,則無他禱,萬一未遂,則望特為一言及此。私計未便之實,使早得從鄙願,千萬之幸。經界一事,將來本欲說破,以昨夕見教之勤,且復隱忍。但此事「不可不使彼知之,亦幸為詳言之」,則熹雖不言,而義亦伸矣。蓋此一事,貧民以為利,而并兼豪奪之徒以為不便,其理甚明。故當時臣僚建請,而朝廷行下諸司…
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