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養性延命錄
陶弘景 · Passages from the same work, in order.
Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 1
夫稟氣含靈,惟人為貴。人所貴者,蓋貴為生。生者神之本,形者神之具。神大用則竭,形大勞則斃。若能遊心虛靜,息慮無為,候元氣於子後,時導引於閒室,攝養無虧,兼餌良藥,則百年耆壽是常分也。如恣意以耽聲色,役智而圖富貴,得喪縈於懷抱,躁撓未能自遣,不拘禮度,飲食無節,如斯之流,寧免夭傷之患也?余因止觀微暇…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 3
《神農經》曰:食穀者智慧聰明,食石者肥澤不老,食芝者延年不死,食元氣者地不能埋,天不能殺。是故食藥者,與天地相弊,日月並列。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 4
《老君道經》曰:谷神不死,是謂玄牝。玄牝之門,是謂天地根。綿綿若存,用之不勤。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 5
《老君德經》曰:出生入死,生之徒十有三,死之徒十有三,人之生,動之死地亦十有三。夫何故?以其求生之厚。蓋聞善攝生者,陸行不遇兕虎,入軍不被甲兵,兕無所投其角,虎無所措其爪,兵無所容其刃。夫何故?以其無死地焉。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 6
《莊子養生篇》曰:吾生也有涯,而智也無涯嵇。以有涯隨無涯,殆已。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 7
《莊子》曰:達生之情者,不務生之所無以為;達命之情者,不務智之所無奈何。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 8
《列子》曰:少不勤行,莊不競時,長而安貧,老而寡欲,閑心勞形,養生之方也。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 9
《列子》曰:一體之盈虛消息,皆通於天地,應於萬類。和之於始,和之於終,靜神滅想,生之道也。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 10
《老君妙真經》曰:人常失道,非道失人;人常去生,非生去人。故養生者,慎勿失道;為道者,慎勿失生。使道與生相守,生與道相保。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 11
《黃老經玄示》曰:天道施化,與萬物無窮;人道施化,形神消亡。轉神施精,精竭故衰。形本生精,精生於神。不以精施,故能與天合德;不與神化,故能與道同式。《玄示》曰:以形化者,尸解之類。神與形離,二者不俱,遂象飛鳥入海為蛤,而隨季秋陰陽之氣。以氣化者,生可異也;以形化者,甚可畏也。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 12
嚴君平《老君指歸》曰:遊心於虛靜,結志於微妙,委慮於無欲,歸指於無為,故能達生延命,與道為久。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 13
《大有經》曰:或疑者云:始同起於無外,終受氣於陰陽,載形魄於天地,資生長於食息,而有愚有智,有強有弱,有壽有夭,天耶?人耶?解者曰:夫形生愚智,天也;強弱壽夭,人也。天道自然,人道自己。始而胎氣充實,生而乳食有餘,長而滋味不足,壯而聲色有節者,強而壽;始而胎氣虛耗,生而乳食不足,長而滋味有餘,壯而…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 14
《道機》曰:人生而命有長短者,非自然也。皆由將身不謹,飲食過差,淫泆無度,忤逆陰陽,魂神不守,精竭命衰,百病萌生,故不終其壽。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 15
《河圖帝視萌》曰:侮天時者凶,順天時者吉。春夏樂山高處,秋冬居卑深藏,吉利多福,壽考無窮。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 16
《洛《洛書寶予命》曰:「古人治病之方,和以體泉,潤以元氣,藥不辛不苦,甘甜多味,常能服之,津流五髒,繫之在肺,終身無患。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 17
《孔子家語》曰:食肉者,勇敢而悍;食氣者,神明而壽;食穀者,智慧而夭;不食者,不死而神。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 18
《傳》曰:雜食者,百病妖邪鍾。所食愈少,心愈開,年愈益;所食愈多,心愈塞,年愈損焉。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 19
太史太史公司馬談曰:夫神者,生之本;形者,生之具也。神大用則竭,形大勞則斃。神形早衰,欲與天地長久,非所聞也。故人所以生者,神也;神之所託者,形也。神形離別則死,死者不可復生,離者不可復返,故乃聖人重之。夫養生之道,有都領大歸,未能具其會者,但思每與俗反,則暗踐勝轍,獲過半之功矣。有心之徒,可不察…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 20
《小有經》曰:少思、少念、少欲、少事、少語、少笑、少愁、少樂、少喜、少怒、少好、少惡,此十二少,乃養生之都契也。多思則神怠,多念則志散,多欲則損智,多事則形疲,多語則氣爭,多笑則傷藏,多愁則心懾,多樂則意溢,多喜則忘錯昏亂,多怒則百脈不定,多好則專迷不治,多惡則焦煎無懽。此十二多不除,喪生之本也。…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 21
《黃庭經》曰:玉池清水灌靈根,審能修之可長存。名曰飲食自然。自然者,則是華池。華池者,口中唾也。呼吸如法,咽之則不飢也。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 22
《老君尹氏內解》曰:唾者,漱為體泉,聚為玉漿,流為華池,散為精汋,降為甘露。故口為華池,中有體泉,漱而咽之,溉藏潤身,流利百脈,化養萬神,肢節毛發宗之而生也。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 23
《中經》曰:靜者壽,躁者夭。靜而不能養減壽,躁而能養延年。然靜易御,躁難持,盡順養之宜者,則靜亦可養,躁亦可養。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 24
韓融元長曰:酒者,五穀之華,味之至也,亦能損人。然美物難將而易過,養性所宜慎之。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 25
邵仲堪曰:五穀充肌體而不能益壽,百藥療疾延年而不能甘口。充肌甘口者,俗人之所珍。苦口延年者,道士之所寶。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 26
《素問》曰:黃帝問歧伯曰:余聞上古之人,春秋皆百歲而動作不衰;今時之人,年所始半百動作皆衰者,時世異耶?將人之失耶?歧伯曰:上古之人,其知道者,法則陰陽,和於術數,飲食有節,起居有度,不妄動作,故能形與神俱,盡終其夭命,壽過百歲;今時之人則不然,以酒為漿,以妄為常,醉以入房,以竭其精,以好散其真,…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 27
《老子》曰:人生大期,百年為限,節護之者,可至千歲。如膏之用,小炷與大耳。眾人大言而我小語,眾人多煩而我少記,眾人悸暴而我不怒,不以人事累意,不修君臣之義,淡然無為,神氣自滿,以為不死之藥,天下莫我知也。無謂幽冥,天和人情,無謂闇昧,神見人形。心言小語,鬼聞人聲;犯禁滿千,地收人形。人為陽善,正人…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 28
老君曰:人修善積德而遇其凶禍者,受先人之餘殃也;犯禁為惡而遇其福者,蒙先人之餘福也。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 29
《名醫敘病論》曰:世人不終耆壽,咸多夭歿者,皆由不自愛惜,忿爭盡意,邀名射利,聚毒攻神,內傷骨體,外乏筋肉,血氣將無,經脈便壅,內里空疏,惟招眾疾,正氣日衰,邪氣日盛矣。不異舉滄波以注爝火,頹華岳而斷涓流,語其易也,甚於茲矣。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 30
彭祖曰:道不在煩,但能不思衣,不思食,不思聲,不思色,不思勝,不思負,不思失,不思得,不思榮,不思辱,心不勞,形不極,常導引、內氣、胎息爾,可得千歲,欲長生無限者,當服上藥。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 31
仲長統曰:蕩六情五性,有心而不以之思,有口而不以之言,有體而不以之安。安之而能遷,樂之而不愛。以之圖之,不知日之益也,不知物之易也,彭祖、老聃庶幾,不然彼何為與人者同類,而與人者異壽?
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 32
陳紀陳紀元方曰:百病橫夭,多由飲食。飲食之患,過於聲色。聲色可絕之踰年,飲食不可廢之一日。為益亦多,為患亦切。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 33
張湛云:凡貴權勢者,雖不中邪,精神內傷,身心死亡;始富後貧,雖不中邪,皮焦筋出,委痺為攣。動勝寒,靜勝熱,能動能靜,所以長生。精報清淨,乃與道合。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 36
張道人年百數十,甚翹壯也,云:養性之道,莫久行、久坐、久臥、久聽,莫強食飲,莫大醉,莫大愁憂,莫大哀思,此所謂能中和。能中和者,必久壽也。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 37
《仙經》曰:我命在我不在於天,但愚人不能知此,道為生命之要。所以致百病風邪者,皆由恣意極情,不知自惜,故虛損生也。譬如枯朽之木,遇風即折;將崩之岸,值水先頹。今若不能服藥,但知愛精節情,亦得一二百年壽也。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 38
張湛《養生集敘》曰:養生大要:一曰嗇神,二曰愛氣,三曰養形,四曰導引,五曰言語,六曰飲食,七曰房室,八曰反俗,九曰醫藥,十曰禁忌。過此以往,義可略焉。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 39
青牛道士言:人不欲使樂,樂人不壽,但當莫強為力所不任,舉重引強,掘地苦作,倦而不息,以致筋骨疲竭耳。然勞苦勝於逸樂也。能從朝至墓常有所為,使之不息乃快,但覺極當息,息復為之。此與導引無異也。夫流水不腐,戶樞不朽者,以其勞動數故也。飽食不用坐與臥,欲得行步務作以散之。不爾,使人得積聚不消之疾,及手足…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 40
皇甫隆問青牛道士青牛,大略云:體欲常勞,食慾常少,勞無過極,少無過虛。去肥濃,節鹹酸,減思慮,損喜怒,除馳逐,慎房室。武帝行之有效。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 41
彭祖曰:人受氣雖不知方術,但養之得理,常壽一百二十歲。不得此者,皆傷之也。少復曉道,可得二百四十歲。復微加藥物,可得四百八十歲。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 42
彭祖曰:養壽之法,但莫傷之而已。夫冬溫夏涼,不失四時之和,所以適身也。重衣厚褥,體不堪苦,以致風寒之疾;厚味脯臘,醉飽厭飫,以致聚結之疾;美色妖麗,嬪妾盈房,以致虛損之禍;淫聲哀音,怡心悅耳,以致荒耽之惑;馳騁遊觀,弋獵原野,以致荒狂之失;謀得戰勝,兼弱取亂,以致驕逸之敗。蓋聖賢或失其理也。然養生…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 43
彭祖曰:人不知道,經服藥損傷,血氣不足,內理空疏,髓腦不實,內已先病,故為外物所犯,風寒酒色以發之耳。若本充實,豈有病乎?
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 44
仙人曰:罪莫大於淫,禍莫大於貪,咎莫大於讒。此三者禍之車,小則危身,大則危家。若欲延年少病者,誡勿施精,施精命夭殘。勿大溫消骨髓,勿大寒傷肌肉,勿咳唾失肌汁,勿卒呼驚魂魄,勿久泣神悲蹙,勿恚怒,神不樂,勿念內志恍惚,能行此道,可以長生。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 45
真人曰:雖常服藥物,而不知養性之術,亦難以長生也。養性之道,不欲飽食便臥及終日久坐,皆損壽也。人欲小勞,但莫至疲及強所不能堪勝耳。人食畢,當行步躊躇,有所修為為快也。故流水不腐,戶樞不蠹,以其勞動數故也。故人不要夜食,食畢但當行中庭,如數里可佳。飽食即臥生百病,不消成積聚也。食欲少而數,不欲頓多難…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 46
青牛道士言:食不欲過飽,故道士先飢而食也。飲不欲過多,故道士先渴而飲也。食畢行數百步,中益也。暮食畢,行五里許乃臥,令人除病。凡食,先欲得食熱食,次食溫暖食,次冷食。食熱暖食訖,如無冷食者,即吃冷水一兩咽,甚妙。若能恒記,即是養性之要法也。凡食,欲得先微吸取氣,咽一兩咽,乃食,主無病。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 47
真人言:熱食傷骨,冷食傷藏,熱物灼膚,冷物痛齒。食訖踟躇,長生。飽食勿大語。大飲則血脈閉,大醉則神散。春宜食辛,夏宜食酸,秋宜食苦,冬宜食咸,此皆助五藏,益血氣,辟諸病。食酸鹹甜苦,即不得過分食。春不食肝,夏不食心,秋不食肺,冬不食腎,四季不食脾。如能不食此五藏,猶順天理。燕不可食,入水為蛟蛇所吞…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 47
人食酪,勿食酢,變為血痰及尿血。食熱食汗出,勿洗面,令人失顏色,面如蟲行。食熱食訖,勿以醋漿漱口,令人口臭及血齒。馬汗息及馬毛入食□,亦能害人。雞兔犬肉不可合食。爛茅屋上水滴侵者脯,名曰鬱脯,食之損人。久飢不得飽食,飽食成癖病。飽食夜臥失覆,多霍亂死。時病新差,勿食生魚,成痢不止。食生魚,勿食乳酪…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 47
乾脯勿置秫米甕中,食之閉氣。乾脯火燒不動,出犬始動,擘之筋縷相交者,食之患人或殺人。羊腳中有肉如珠子者,名羊懸筋,食之患癲癇。諸濕食之不見形影者,食之成疰。腹脹暴疾後不周飲酒,膈上發熱。新病差不用食生棗、羊肉,生菜,損顏色,終身不復,多致死,膈上熱蒸。凡食熱脂餅物,不用飲冷醋漿水,善失聲若咽。生蔥…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 48
久視久視傷血,久臥傷氣,久立傷骨,久行傷筋,久坐傷肉。遠思強健傷人,憂恚悲哀傷人,喜樂過差傷人,忿怒不解傷人,汲汲所願傷人,戚戚所患傷人,寒暖失節傷人,陰陽不交傷人。凡交,須依導引諸術。若能避眾傷人事,而復曉陰陽之術,則是不死之道。大樂氣飛揚,大愁氣不通。用精令人氣力乏,多睡令人目盲,多唾令人心煩…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 49
沐浴無常不吉,夫婦同浴不吉。新沐浴及醉飽、遠行歸還大疲倦,並不可行房室之事,生病,切慎之。丈夫勿頭北向臥,令人神不安,多愁忘。勿跂井,今古大忌。若見十步地墻,勿順墻坐臥,被風吹發癲癇疾。勿怒目久視日月,使目睛失明。凡大汗勿脫衣,不慎多患偏風半身不遂。新沐浴了,不得露頭當風,不幸得大風剌風疾。觸寒來…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 49
凡臥訖,頭旁勿安燈,令人六神不安。冬日溫足凍腦,春秋腦足俱凍,此乃聖人之常法也。凡新哭泣訖便食,即成氣病。夜臥勿覆頭,婦人勿跂灶坐,大忌。凡唾不用遠,遠即成肺病,令人手重、背疼、咳嗽。凡人魘,勿點燈照定,魘死暗喚之,即吉,亦不可近前及急喚。凡人臥勿開口,久成病渴,并失血色。凡旦起勿以冷水開目洗面,…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 49
凡產婦不可見狐臭,能令產婦著腫。凡人臥不用窗欂下,令人六神不安。凡臥,春夏欲得頭向東,秋冬頭向西,有所利益。凡丈夫,飢欲得坐小便,飽則立小便,令人無病。凡人睡,欲得屈膝側臥,益人氣力,凡臥欲得數轉側,語笑欲令至少,莫令聲高大。春欲得瞑臥早起,夏秋欲得侵夜臥早起,冬欲得早臥晏起,皆有所益。雖云早起,…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 50
老君曰:正月旦,中庭向寅地再拜,咒曰:「年年受大道之恩,太清玄門願還去歲之年。男女皆三通自咒,常行此道延年。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 51
仙經秘要:常存念心中,有氣大如雞子,內赤外黃,辟眾邪延年也。欲卻眾邪百鬼,常存念為炎火如斗,煌煌光明,則百邪不敢干人,可入瘟疫之中。暮臥常存作赤氣在外,白氣在內,以覆身,辟眾邪鬼魅。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 52
老君曰:凡人求道,勿犯五逆六不祥,有犯者凶。大小便向西一逆,向北二逆,向日三逆,向月四逆,仰視天及星辰五逆。夜起裸形一不祥,旦起嗔恚二不祥,向灶罵詈三不祥;以足向火四不祥,夫妻晝合五不祥,怨恚師父六不祥。凡人旦起常言善事,天與之福。勿言奈何。歌嘯名曰請禍,慎勿上床臥歌,凶。始臥伏床,凶。飲食伏床,…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 52
雞鳴、平旦、日中、晡時、黃昏、夜半,一日一夕,凡七漱玉泉食之,每食輒滿口,咽之延年。髮,血之窮;齒,骨之窮;爪,筋之窮。千過梳發發不白,朝夕啄齒齒不齲,爪不數截筋不替。人常數欲照鏡,謂之存形,形與神相存,此其意也。若矜容顏色自愛玩,不如勿照。凡人常以正月一日、二月二日、三月三日、四月八日、五月一日…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 54
《元陽經》曰:常以鼻納氣,含而漱,滿舌料唇齒咽之,一日一夜得千咽,甚佳。當少飲食,多則氣逆,百脈閉。百脈閉則氣不行,氣水行則生病。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 55
《玄示》曰:志者,氣之帥也;氣者,體之充也。善者遂其生,惡者喪其形。故行氣之法,少食自節,動其形,和其氣,志意專一,固守中外,上下俱閉,神周形骸調暢,四溢修守,關元滿而足實,因之而眾邪自出。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 56
彭祖曰:常閉氣內息,從平旦至日中,乃跪坐拭目,摩搦身體,舐唇咽唾,服氣數十,乃起行言笑。其偶有疲倦不安,便導引閉氣,以攻所患,必存其身頭面、九竅、五髒、四肢,至于髮端,皆令所在覺其氣雲行體中,起於鼻口,下達十指末,則澄和真神,不須針藥灸刺。凡行氣欲除百病,隨所在作念之。頭痛念頭,足痛念足,和氣往攻…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 57
劉安曰:食生吐死,可以長存。謂鼻內氣為生也。凡人不能服氣,從朝至暮常習不息,徐而舒之,但令鼻內口吐,所謂吐故納新也。
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 58
《服氣經》曰:道者,氣也。保氣則得道,得道則長存。神者,精也。保精則神明,神明則長生。精者,血脈之川流,守骨之靈神也。精去則骨枯,骨枯則死矣。是以為道務寶其精。從夜半到日中為生氣,從日中後至夜半為死氣,當以生氣時正偃臥,瞑目握固,閉氣不息,於心中數至二百,乃口吐氣出之。日增息,如此身神具,五髒安。…
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Records on Nourishing Nature and Extending Life, Entry 59
《明醫論》云:疾之所起,自生五勞,五勞既用,二藏先損,心腎受邪,腑髒俱病。五勞者:一曰志勞,二曰思勞,三曰心勞,四曰憂勞,五曰疲勞。五勞則生六極:一曰氣極,二曰血極,三曰筋極,四曰骨極,五曰精極,六曰髓極。六極即為七傷,七傷故變為七痛,七痛為病,令人邪氣多正氣少,忽忽喜怒悲傷,不樂飲食,不生肌膚,…
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